Spatio-temporal analysis of air quality and its relationship with major COVID-19 hotspot places in India

Naqvi, Hasan Raja; Mutreja, Guneet; Shakeel, Adnan; Siddiqui, Masood Ahsan

doi:10.1016/j.rsase.2021.100473

Cited by 14 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Some good news about the COVID-19 pandemic is that it has been reported that lockdown policies have positive implications for the environment. The air quality parameters of PM 2.5 , PM 10 , NO x , CO, and SO 2 improved in many parts of the world during the lockdown period [3][4][5]. However, the concentrations of O 3 were reported to have increased during the same period [3,5,6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The air quality parameters of PM 2.5 , PM 10 , NO x , CO, and SO 2 improved in many parts of the world during the lockdown period [3][4][5]. However, the concentrations of O 3 were reported to have increased during the same period [3,5,6]. Lockdown policies have provided an opportunity to quantitatively evaluate the public health impacts resulting from resisting public transportation, closing factories, and balancing health and financial losses.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Improvement of Air Quality and Associated Mortality during the COVID-19 Lockdown in One Megacity of China: An Empirical Strategy

Cao

et al. 2021

IJERPH

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Although the lockdown policy implemented during the COVID-19 pandemic indeed improved the air quality and reduced the related health risks, the real effects of the lockdown and its resulting health risks remain unclear considering the effects of unobserved confounders and the longstanding efforts of the government regarding air pollution. We compared air pollution between the lockdown period and the period before the lockdown using a difference-in-differences (DID) model and estimated the mortality burden caused by the number of deaths related to air pollution changes. The NO2 and CO concentrations during the lockdown period (17 days) declined by 8.94 μg/m3 (relative change: 16.94%; 95% CI: 3.71, 14.16) and 0.20 mg/m3 (relative change: 16.95%; 95% CI: 0.04, 0.35) on an average day, respectively, and O3 increased by 8.41 μg/m3 (relative change: 32.80%; 95% CI: 4.39, 12.43); no meaningful impacts of the lockdown policy on the PM2.5, PM10, SO2, or the AQI values were observed. Based on the three clearly changed air pollutants, the lockdown policy prevented 8.22 (95% CI: 3.97, 12.49) all-cause deaths. Our findings suggest that the overall excess deaths caused by air pollution during the lockdown period declined. It is beneficial for human health when strict control measures, such as upgrading industry structure and promoting green transportation, are taken to reduce emissions, especially in cities with serious air pollution in China, such as Shijiazhuang.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Improvement of Air Quality and Associated Mortality during the COVID-19 Lockdown in One Megacity of China: An Empirical Strategy

Cao

et al. 2021

IJERPH

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“…This study determined that northern Italian provinces with high PM 10 concentrations had a median of 0.26 COVID-19 infections per 1000 residents, whereas southern Italian provinces with low PM 10 concentrations had a median of 0.03 COVID-19 infections per 1000 residents ( Setti et al, 2020 ). In this study, the major hotspots in India demonstrated a moderate positive correlation between COVID-19 mortalities (assessed at two time points) with the ground-level PM 10 concentration ( R 2 = 0.145; r = 0.38) and air quality index ( R 2 = 0.17; r = 0.412) pollutant indicators ( Naqvi et al, 2021 ). Overall, this study comprehensively analyzed tropospheric and ground-level APs and identified moderate positive association between ground-level NO 2 concentration and COVID-19 cases ( R 2 = 0.33; r = 0.57) and mortalities ( R 2 = 0.40; r = 0.63) and determined that NO 2 concentration is a reliable indicator.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 57%

“…This study performed a comprehensive association analysis in locations with the worst virus outbreaks during the study period. The relationship between APs and COVID-19 has been studied; however, minimal studies have determined the role of specific APs in augmenting COVID-19 cases and deaths ( Cole et al, 2020 ; Wu et al, 2020 ; Setti et al, 2020 ; Naqvi et al, 2021 ). Cole et al examined long-term air pollution exposure in 355 Dutch municipalities to identify the relationship between PM 2.5 , NO 2 , and SO 2 concentrations with COVID-19 cases, hospital admissions, and deaths.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Global assessment of tropospheric and ground air pollutants and its correlation with COVID-19

Naqvi

Mutreja²,

Hashim

et al. 2021

Atmospheric Pollution Research

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The declaration of COVID-19 pandemic by the WHO initiated a series of lockdowns globally that varied in stringency and duration; however, the spatiotemporal effects of these lockdowns on air quality remain understudied. This study evaluates the global impact of lockdowns on air pollutants using tropospheric and ground-level indicators over a five-month period. Moreover, the relationship between air pollution and COVID-19 cases and mortalities was examined. Changes in the global tropospheric (NO 2 , aerosols, and O 3 ) and ground-level (PM 2.5 , PM 10 , NO 2 , and O 3 ) pollutants were observed, and the maximum air quality improvement was observed immediately after lockdown. Except for a few countries, a decline in air pollutants correlated with a reduction in Land Surface Temperature (LST). Notably, regions with higher tropospheric NO 2 and aerosol concentrations were also COVID-19 hotspots. Our analysis showed moderate positive correlation for NO 2 with COVID-19 cases (R 2 = 0.33; r = 0.57, P = 0.006) and mortalities (R 2 = 0.40; r = 0.63, P = 0.015), while O 3 showed a weak-moderate positive correlation with COVID-19 cases (R 2 = 0.22; r = 0.47, P = 0.003) and mortalities (R 2 = 0.12; r = 0.35, P = 0.012). However, PM 2.5 , and PM 10 showed no significant correlation with either COVID-19 cases or mortality. This study reveals that humans living under adverse air pollution conditions are at higher risk of COVID-19 infection and mortality.

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“…ESA (2020) reported that level of NO 2 reduced significantly in Asian countries (70%-India, 20 to 30%-China) during COVID-19 lockdown. Similarly, many studies conducted to update the improvement of Asian air quality due to lockdown during COVID-19 ( Naqvi et al, 2021a , 2021b ; Gautam et al, 2021b ; Gautam et al, 2020 ; Lalwani and Gautam, 2021; Naqvi et al, 2020 ). Air quality of Dhaka city was improved considerably during the lockdown and Air Quality Index (AQI) level dropped 16.74% in 2020 compared to 2019 ( Roy et al, 2020 ).…”

Section: Impact Of Covid-19 On Physical Environmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of the health, economic and environmental impacts of COVID-19: The Bangladesh perspective

Gautam

Setu

Khan

et al. 2022

Geosystems and Geoenvironment

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Spatio-temporal analysis of air quality and its relationship with major COVID-19 hotspot places in India

Cited by 14 publications

References 28 publications

The Improvement of Air Quality and Associated Mortality during the COVID-19 Lockdown in One Megacity of China: An Empirical Strategy

The Improvement of Air Quality and Associated Mortality during the COVID-19 Lockdown in One Megacity of China: An Empirical Strategy

Global assessment of tropospheric and ground air pollutants and its correlation with COVID-19

Analysis of the health, economic and environmental impacts of COVID-19: The Bangladesh perspective

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