Spatio‐temporal analysis of an invasive plant pathogen (<i>Phytophthora ramorum</i>) in England and Wales

Xu, Xiangming; Harwood, Thomas D.; Pautasso, Marco; Jeger, M.J.

doi:10.1111/j.1600-0587.2008.05597.x

Cited by 41 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 47 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The first case study involved P. ramorum, infecting a wide range of ornamental and wild species [59,60]; and the second case study covered D. solani, a new aggressive pathogen infecting potatoes causing black leg and tuber soft rots that emerged in Europe around 2005 -2006. These case studies, based on recent consultations by the government, were analysed for involvement of stakeholders, their influence on decision-making, modes of communication between decision-makers and stakeholders, and policy outcomes.…”

Section: Stakeholder Workhopmentioning

confidence: 99%

Integrating natural and social science perspectives on plant disease risk, management and policy formulation

Mills

Dehnen‐Schmutz

Ilbery

et al. 2011

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Plant diseases threaten both food security and the botanical diversity of natural ecosystems. Substantial research effort is focused on pathogen detection and control, with detailed risk management available for many plant diseases. Risk can be assessed using analytical techniques that account for disease pressure both spatially and temporally. We suggest that such technical assessments of disease risk may not provide an adequate guide to the strategies undertaken by growers and government to manage plant disease. Instead, risk-management strategies need to account more fully for intuitive and normative responses that act to balance conflicting interests between stakeholder organizations concerned with plant diseases within the managed and natural environments. Modes of effective engagement between policy makers and stakeholders are explored in the paper, together with an assessment of such engagement in two case studies of contemporary non-indigenous diseases in one food and in one non-food sector. Finally, a model is proposed for greater integration of stakeholders in policy decisions.

show abstract

Section: Stakeholder Workhopmentioning

confidence: 99%

Integrating natural and social science perspectives on plant disease risk, management and policy formulation

Mills

Dehnen‐Schmutz

Ilbery

et al. 2011

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Sporulation patterns in California (Davidson et al, 2005) show that the pathogen can build up very high inoculum loads in response to favourable climatic conditions in a fairly short period of time. This supports the concept that rapid outbreaks are actually not just possible, but very common, once the pathogen is established in a site 140: likelihood of spread with human assistance Rapid spread in the nursery network does not automatically lead to rapid spread into the environment, as ornamental shrubs are not planted in woodland or heathland RAPRA did not suggest this, the report judged that P. ramorum was very likely (with low uncertainty) to spread rapidly with human assistance The study by Xu et al (2009) on spatio-temporal patterns of P. ramorum outbreaks in nurseries and semi-natural environment in England andWales (2003-2006) shows some degree of association between findings in nurseries and in the environment. Planting of Rhododendron, Viburnum, Camellia in private gardens may well lead to spread in woodlands, if these gardens are close to them.…”

Section: Member State Commentsmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Although the need of information on frequency of planting of P. ramorum susceptible plants in woodland or heathland now needs to be considered with the UK P. ramorum outbreak on Japanese larch in mind, the study by Xu et al (2009) on spatio-temporal patterns of positive findings in England and Wales suggests some (decreasing) co-occurrence of nursery and environment outbreaks. UK and EU-wide P. ramorum genetic studies as performed in California would help to know more here.…”

Section: General Commentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Scientific Opinion on the Pest Risk Analysis onPhytophthora ramorumprepared by the FP6 project RAPRA

Rossi¹

2011

EFSA Journal

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The Panel on Plant Health was asked to deliver a scientific opinion on the Pest Risk Analysis on Phytophthora ramorum prepared by the FP6 project RAPRA, taking into account comments by Member States and additional information since RAPRA. P. ramorum is the oomycete causing sudden oak death in the USA and leaf and twig blight/dieback on a range of ornamental species in North America and Europe. Currently P. ramorum is not listed as a harmful organism in Council Directive 2000/29/EC, but the Commission adopted in 2002 provisional emergency measures to prevent introduction into and spread within the EU. Recent large-scale outbreaks in Japanese larch (Larix kaempferi) plantations in the UK and Ireland have worsened the potential consequences in the risk assessment area. However, the Panel concludes that the broad narrative in the RAPRA report stands and supports its conclusion that "There is a risk of further entry (of known or new lineages and/or mating types), establishment and […] impact". It is advisable to avoid introductions of different lineages because of inherent phenotypic differences and the potential for sexual recombination. The Panel supports the management options proposed in the RAPRA report and adds further measures for consideration. Uncertainty remains over the extent to which the association between control measures and gradual reduction in the number of cases in nurseries is causal. The emergency measures have not prevented outbreaks occurring in the natural environment. The many other remaining uncertainties (fitness of progeny, hybridisation with other Phytophthora species, host range and epidemiological role of new hosts, early detection of new outbreaks, understanding of long-range dispersal, structure of plant trade networks, origin of the pathogen) call for further research on P. ramorum across Europe. 4 Editorial changes have been made on pages 51 (acronym PRA removed as it was not in line with the Panel's dictionary as discussed in Appendix 2 of the Guidance on a harmonised framework for pest risk assessment and the identification and evaluation of pest risk management options by EFSA) and 89 (statement which referred to the Panel agreeing with the RAPRA conclusion that "P. ramorum fulfils the criteria of a quarantine pest" was removed as requested by the Panel during adoption of the draft opinion). The changes do not affect the overall conclusions of the opinion. To avoid confusion the original version has been removed from the website. The scope of this Scientific Opinion is the evaluation of the RAPRA report, taking into consideration the comments of Member States as well as additional information published after finalisation of the RAPRA report, or not cited in the RAPRA report. A systematic literature search until March 2011 was carried out. It should be noted that the scientific community is concerned by the shift of P. ramorum to new hosts (with a special focus on the Japanese larch) and its further spread, and therefore new results of ongoing research are constantly be...

show abstract

“…For P. ramorum, the epidemics in the horticultural trade and those in the seminatural landscape can be viewed as only partly independent systems (as shown for England and Wales [143]). In the West Coast of the United States, two predominant pathways (forest versus horticulture) of P. ramorum migration have been identified combining genetic network analysis and data on trace forward and trace back data on movement of plants in the nursery trade (39).…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The current policy relative to P. ramorum in plant traders of the UK and other European countries comprises both surveys of national plant health authorities and mandatory reporting of the pathogen by nursery growers (143). A series of simulation experiments were run, with variation in the epidemic pressure and in the connection between seminatural vegetation and horticultural trade, with or without disease spread in commercial trade, and with or without inspections-with-eradication.…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

Networks in Plant Epidemiology: From Genes to Landscapes, Countries, and Continents

Moslonka‐Lefebvre¹,

Finley²,

Dorigatti³

et al. 2011

Phytopathology®

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Networks are sets of nodes connected by links in various ways (Box 1). Although the properties of random networks have already been systematically investigated in the 1960s, a growing body of literature is now using networks in a range of ecological applications, including the study and management of human, animal, and plant diseases (29,49,58,80,131) (Fig. 1). Given the generality and flexibility of the approach, network representations can be used at a variety of levels in plant pathology, from gene expression during host-pathogen interactions, to the development of plant epidemics among fields, farms, and landscapes and to trade movement of plants infected by pathogens or infested by insects among regions and countries.Network structure has profound effects on the dynamics of an epidemic within a population (51,61,127). In today's globally connected world, social and transportation networks play a crucial role in the spread of human infectious diseases (21,53,83). A network approach provides insights into the transmission of infectious diseases also in animals more generally (40,45,78,137). Although there is an increasing interdisciplinary application of networks in epidemiology, relatively little attention has been paid to these analytical approaches in plant sciences. Hence the need for this review, which aims to summarize recent progress in this rapidly developing field and to highlight research challenges specific to plant pathology.In today's plant pathology, as in other fields, there is a need for integrating investigations at the molecular, mycelium, plant, regional and international scale (9,48,102,111,118,120,132). Networks can provide such a unifying framework. They can be (i) perceived at an abstract level (e.g., fungal species occurring on the same plant species host), (ii) materialized by a physical structure (e.g., the root system of plant individuals connected by mycorrhiza, or vice versa), and (iii) underlying flows of energy, matter or information (e.g., the exchanges of knowledge, equipment and money among farmers, plant health consultants, researchers and phytopharmaceutical companies). There is increasing use of networks in ecology and epidemiology, but still relatively little application in phytopathology. Networks are sets of elements (nodes) connected in various ways by links (edges). Network analysis aims to understand system dynamics and outcomes in relation to network characteristics. Many existing natural, social, and technological networks have been shown to have small-world (local connectivity with short-cuts) and scale-free (presence of superconnected nodes) properties. In this review, we discuss how network concepts can be applied in plant pathology from the molecular to the landscape and global level. Wherever disease spread occurs not just because of passive/natural dispersion but also due to artificial movements, it makes sense to superimpose realistic models of the trade in plants on spatially explicit models of epidemic development. We provide an example of an emerging pat...

show abstract

Spatio‐temporal analysis of an invasive plant pathogen (Phytophthora ramorum) in England and Wales

Cited by 41 publications

References 47 publications

Integrating natural and social science perspectives on plant disease risk, management and policy formulation

Integrating natural and social science perspectives on plant disease risk, management and policy formulation

Scientific Opinion on the Pest Risk Analysis onPhytophthora ramorumprepared by the FP6 project RAPRA

Networks in Plant Epidemiology: From Genes to Landscapes, Countries, and Continents

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About