Spatio-temporal analysis of environmental and climatic factors impacts on malaria morbidity in Ondo State, Nigeria

Ekpa, Dave E.; Eunice, Salubi A.; Johnson, Olusola A.; Dare, Akintade

doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e14005

Cited by 9 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…A study conducted in certain local government areas in Ondo State revealed (24) that among other factors that result in increased malaria incidence, the most significant of all was temperature. This happens to correlate with the findings in this study, namely that temperature lead malaria incidence by two months.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigating the relationship between climatic factors and malaria transmission dynamics in Southwest states of Nigeria

Yusuf,

Okoronkwo,

Ademu

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Background In order to combat malaria, numerous strategic initiatives have been deployed over the years, with the goal of eliminating the disease in Nigeria. Despite these efforts, malaria morbidity still persists across the nation, and is presently under control measures. Various factors, encompassing both climatic and non-climatic elements, significantly impact the dynamics of malaria transmission across the country. This study applied time series analysis methods to understand the relationship between climatic factors, particularly temperature and rainfall, and the occurrence of malaria in the Southwest area of Nigeria. Methods This study analysed monthly data on documented cases of uncomplicated malaria obtained from the District Health Information System version 2, overseen by the Federal Ministry of Health. Additionally, monthly rainfall and temperature data spanning from 2013 to 2021, acquired from the Nigeria Meteorological Agency, were analysed. The datasets used for analysis were accessed on June 7, 2022, for research purposes. We applied univariate time series models to analyse monthly data on average temperature, rainfall, and malaria cases. Subsequently, cross-correlation analyses were conducted to investigate the relationships between malaria case data and the corresponding rainfall and temperature patterns, following a pre-whitening process. Results The patterns of malaria transmission exhibit variability among the various states within the Southwest region of Nigeria from 2013 to 2021. On average, Oyo State consistently recorded relatively higher temperatures compared to its neighbouring states. Conversely, Ondo State receives a higher average monthly rainfall. This state, similar to others in the region, experiences two distinct wet seasons, each characterised by different peak periods. In terms of temporal relationships, it is predicted that rainfall precedes malaria cases by one month across all the states. However, with regard to temperature, the five other states (excluding Osun state) lead by two months. Conclusion The results of this study underscore the varied characteristics of malaria transmission patterns and climate change, even across the individual states within the Southwest region of the country. This recognition of variations in malaria transmission and climatic factors is valuable for policymakers as it enables them to strategically allocate and optimise the implementation of interventions at state-specific level, rather than at zonal level. These interventions might involve distributing and advocating for the use of insecticide-treated bed nets, indoor residual spraying, and seasonal malaria chemoprevention tailored to the unique requirements and circumstances at the state level.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigating the relationship between climatic factors and malaria transmission dynamics in Southwest states of Nigeria

Yusuf,

Okoronkwo,

Ademu

et al. 2024

Preprint

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“…The map showed that most of the study is susceptible to malaria hazards and thereby making the inhabitants of the study area prone to the disease. Ekpa et al [34] also stated that rainfall has the ability of increasing the prevalence of malaria in an area. The prevalence of malaria in an area depends on rainfall as one of the determinants, because an abundance of rainfall causes stagnation of water in non-steep areas.…”

Section: Rainfallmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial analysis and mapping of malaria risk areas using multi-criteria decision making in Ibadan, Oyo state, Nigeria

Olagundoye,

Goparaju

2023

J. Geogr. Cartogr.

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Malaria is a mosquito-borne infectious disease that affects humans posing as a severe public health problem in which Nigeria has the highest number of global cases. Geospatial technology has been widely used to study the risk and factors associated with malaria hazard. The present study is conducted in Ibadan, Oyo state, Nigeria. The objective of this study is to map out areas that are at high risk of the prevalence of malaria by considering a good number of factors as criteria that determine the spread of malaria within Ibadan using Open source and Landsat remote sensing data, and further analysis in GIS-based multi-criteria evaluation (MCE). This study considered factors like climatic, environmental, socio-economic, and proximity to health centers as criteria for mapping malaria risk. The MCE used a weighted overlay of the factors to produce an element at risk map, malaria hazard map, and vulnerability map. These maps were overlaid to produce the final malaria risk map which showed that 72% of Ibadan has a risk of malaria prevalence. Identification and delineation of risk areas in Ibadan would help policy makers and decision managers to mitigate the hazard and improve the health status of the state.

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“…highest malaria prevalence rate among pregnant women was observed throughout the study period in Akure South, with about 8 cases per 1000 pregnant women (40.11%) in 2013, while the lowest prevalence was recorded in Odigbo, with approximately 1 case per 1000 persons (2.72%) in 2015. The high rate of malaria prevalence in Akure South could be associated with environmental (vegetation, water bodies, slope, elevation) and climatic factors (rainfall, temperature and relative humidity) in Ondo State(Ekpa et al, 2023).…”

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confidence: 99%

Spatial Distribution of Malaria Prevalence and Predictors Among Pregnant Women in Ondo State, Southwest, Nigeria

Ekpa

Arije

Eunice

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Globally, malaria increase the rate maternal mortality. Nigeria has high malaria endemicity and the world's highest malaria burden. Nigeria reports about 51 million cases and 31.3% mortality annually, while 97% of the population (213.4m) is at risk. Malaria killed no fewer than 200,000 Nigerians, of which there were 61 million cases that were responsible for 11% of maternal mortality in Nigeria in 2021. This study examined the prevalence and patterns of malaria endemicity among pregnant women in Ondo State, and determined the malaria prevalence from 2013–2017. Geospatial technology was employed to examine the distribution of malaria cases among pregnant women and one-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was used to determine the malaria prevalence in eight Local Government Areas. Temporal analysis revealed a gradual increase in malaria occurrence over the years. In 2013, 2015, and 2017, Akure South recorded the highest prevalence, with approximately 8 cases (40.11%), 5 cases (23.64%), and 9 cases (27.94%) per 1000 pregnant women, respectively. Ondo East had the highest prevalence of 9 cases (27.06%) in 2014, while in 2016, Akoko Southwest had the highest prevalence of 3 cases (19.04%) per 1000 pregnant women. The cumulative malaria patterns for the five years showed that Akure South had the highest prevalence of 18.76–31.42 per 1000 pregnant women. In contrast, the lowest prevalence occurred in Odigbo and Okitipupa having 5–9 cases per 1000 pregnant women. From 2013–2017, findings showed variations in the disease's prevalence in Ondo state.

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Spatio-temporal analysis of environmental and climatic factors impacts on malaria morbidity in Ondo State, Nigeria

Cited by 9 publications

References 18 publications

Investigating the relationship between climatic factors and malaria transmission dynamics in Southwest states of Nigeria

Investigating the relationship between climatic factors and malaria transmission dynamics in Southwest states of Nigeria

Spatial analysis and mapping of malaria risk areas using multi-criteria decision making in Ibadan, Oyo state, Nigeria

Spatial Distribution of Malaria Prevalence and Predictors Among Pregnant Women in Ondo State, Southwest, Nigeria

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