Spatio-temporal change of urban–rural equalized development patterns in China and its driving factors

Society: Realizing China's urban dream

“…This restricts the official changing of citizens' permanent residence, and effectively limits those with rural registration from gaining access to urban medical insurance and other services. Migrants typically live in 'urban villages' , often former villages or new shanty towns on the edge of a settlement, without adequate social security, health care or schools 5 .…”

Spatio-Temporal Differentiation of Urban-Rural Equalized Development at the County Level in Chengdu

“…The four predominant components were extracted from the 17 original indices with the varimax rotation method; the first four principal components can explain 81.861% of the total variance (Table 2). Based on the rotated component matrix, component I primarily describes the urban-rural social development degree, which consists of the consumption of chemical fertilizer, per capita cultivated land area, non-agriculture population proportion, percentage of rural nonfarm payrolls, average number of hospital beds per 100 inhabitants, and persons receiving lowest cost-of living per 100 inhabitants with 29.125% of the total variance [3,40,44,45]. Component II, which is composed of the per capita public-budgetary expenditure, per capita fixed-asset investment, per capita domestic product, green coverage rate of built-up area and highway net density, is related to the degree of economic development and accounts for 27.397% of total variance [41,46,47].…”

“…In regional development, urban and rural areas are two non-homogeneous geographical economic entities that interact with and mutually influence each other. Urban-rural equalized development (URED) describes how urban and rural areas, which are two types of socio-economic units and human settlement spaces with different characteristics, seek to integrate development and coexist within one interdependent region and to smoothly accomplish the distinctive equalization of urban-rural economic investment, social service, quality of life, and ecological environment [2][3][4]. As the advanced stage of urbanization, URED considers the city and the countryside the countryside as a unified whole, and is a dynamic process of both promoting the free flow and optimized allocation of production factors and realizing the integration under market-oriented reform between urban and rural areas, which contribute to the formation of a new urban-rural pattern of equal status, mutual coordination, common prosperity, and all-around sustainable development [5][6][7].…”

“…In recent years, many scholars have conducted detailed studies of China's urban-rural equalized development from multiple perspectives that considered development models and manners [34][35][36][37], spatio-temporal patterns [3], and land system reform [38][39][40]. Most studies used qualitative analyses and descriptions in certain aspects of URED, and the majority of these studies were focused on the eastern coastal region of China; therefore, quantitative study of urban-rural equalized development in the western region of China is of great theoretical and practical significance.…”

Consequences of Promoting Less-Populated Rural Areas to Urban Areas: A Case Study, Bushehr Province

“…Urban and rural areas are two systems interacting in the regional development process (Liu & et al, 2013;Chen et al, 2010). Almost half of the world's urban population and about a quarter of the world's population live in village-cities (Satterthwaite & Tacoli, 2003).…”