Spatio-Temporal Dynamics of Odor Representations in the Mammalian Olfactory Bulb

Spors, Hartwig; Grinvald, Amiram

doi:10.1016/s0896-6273(02)00644-x

Cited by 310 publications

(282 citation statements)

References 78 publications

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“…2C), and this for most region of the image. This time-course was consistent with previous observation of olfactory bulb intrinsic signal (Meister and Bonhoeffer, 2001;Spors and Grinvald, 2002;Wachowiak and Cohen, 2003), although in some studies clear exponential behaviour was seen only after high-pass spatial filtering. In our case and for stable recordings, no filtering was required to observe consistently this time-course.…”

Section: Intrinsic Signalsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…For fast imaging, such as voltage or calcium sensitive dyes imaging, the signal follows the rapid fluctuations of the neuronal activity, which can yield strong time-course heterogeneities among the pixels of a single recording or from experiment to experiment. For example, both voltage and calcium dye imaging in the olfactory bulb have revealed some temporal jitter between activations of different glomeruli (Spors and Grinvald, 2002;Spors et al, 2006). Unpredictable fluctuations or systematic timecourse variations are a problem for the LM fitting, but can be dealt with up to a certain extent.…”

Section: Lm-based Signal Extraction: Restrictions and Applicability Tmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Wavelet-based multi-resolution statistics for optical imaging signals: Application to automated detection of odour activated glomeruli in the mouse olfactory bulb

Bathellier¹,

Ville²,

Blu³

et al. 2007

NeuroImage

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Section: Intrinsic Signalsupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Lm-based Signal Extraction: Restrictions and Applicability Tmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wavelet-based multi-resolution statistics for optical imaging signals: Application to automated detection of odour activated glomeruli in the mouse olfactory bulb

Bathellier¹,

Ville²,

Blu³

et al. 2007

NeuroImage

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“…Imaging of glomeruli shows adaptation (Fig. 5) (15). One simple hypothesis would be that adaptation of ORNs would delay firing downstream.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Direct recordings of ORNs in rats show that ORNs are excited by odors and that activity can last for seconds after odor cessation (14). Others have measured the output of ORNs, by imaging glomeruli, and found that the response is gated by each breath and that the amplitude decreases with time (13,15). The importance of breath segmentation for M/T cells has recently been shown in awake subjects, where neurons respond with precise, phasic firing patterns (16)(17)(18).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Odor representations in the olfactory bulb evolve after the first breath and persist as an odor afterimage

Patterson

Lagier

Carleton

2013

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Rodents can discriminate odors in one breath, and mammalian olfaction research has thus focused on the first breath. However, sensory representations dynamically change during and after stimuli. To investigate these dynamics, we recorded spike trains from the olfactory bulb of awake, head-fixed mice and found that some mitral cells' odor representations changed following the first breath and others continued after odor cessation. Population analysis revealed that these postodor responses contained odor-and concentration-specific information-an odor afterimage. Using calcium imaging, we found that most olfactory glomerular activity was restricted to the odor presentation, implying that the afterimage is not primarily peripheral. The odor afterimage was not dependent on odorant physicochemical properties. To artificially induce aftereffects, we photostimulated mitral cells using channelrhodopsin and recorded centrally maintained persistent activity. The strength and persistence of the afterimage was dependent on the duration of both artificial and natural stimulation. In summary, we show that the odor representation evolves after the first breath and that there is a centrally maintained odor afterimage, similar to other sensory systems. These dynamics may help identify novel odorants in complex environments.multielectrode recording | network dynamics | optogenetics S ensory systems, even when presented with fixed stimuli, use dynamic neural representations that change over time. These changes range from simple potentiation or adaptation to more complex temporal patterns (1, 2). These dynamics can persist even after the cessation of stimulus, which can take the form of an off-response or prolonged aftereffect. Aftereffects have been intensely studied in vision (1, 3) and also observed in audition (4, 5), touch (6, 7), taste (here the afterimages may be due to persistent ligand binding) (8, 9), and insect olfaction (10, 11). In mammalian olfaction, the only reported aftereffect is a "persistent afterdischarge" following high concentration odors (12).Olfaction is an active process that is coordinated by breathing (2, 13). Odorants bind to odorant receptor neurons (ORNs) in the epithelium, which synapse onto mitral/tufted (M/T) cells in the olfactory bulb (OB) at precisely defined glomeruli. Direct recordings of ORNs in rats show that ORNs are excited by odors and that activity can last for seconds after odor cessation (14). Others have measured the output of ORNs, by imaging glomeruli, and found that the response is gated by each breath and that the amplitude decreases with time (13, 15). The importance of breath segmentation for M/T cells has recently been shown in awake subjects, where neurons respond with precise, phasic firing patterns (16-18). However, these recordings have focused on how information is represented during the first breath, as rodents can identify odors in a single breath (19)(20)(21). Activity in piriform cortex is also segmented by breaths, and neurons there respond sparsely (22,23), and with a...

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“…We found that dyes RH-1691, RH-1692, and RH-1838 were the best for the present application. For their chemical structure see Spors and Grinvald (2002).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Imaging Spatiotemporal Dynamics of Surround Inhibition in the Barrels Somatosensory Cortex

et al. 2003

Self Cite

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Sensory processing and its perception require that local information would also be available globally. Indeed, in the mammalian neocortex, local excitation spreads over large distances via the long-range horizontal connections in layer 2/3 and may spread over an entire cortical area if excitatory polysynaptic pathways are also activated. Therefore, a balance between local excitation and surround inhibition is required. Here we explore the spatiotemporal aspects of cortical depolarization and hyperpolarization of rats anesthetized with urethane. New voltage-sensitive dyes (VSDs) were used for high-resolution real-time visualization of the cortical responses to whisker deflections and cutaneous stimulations of the whisker pad. These advances facilitated imaging of ongoing activity and evoked responses even without signal averaging. We found that the motion of a single whisker evoked a cortical response exhibiting either one or three phases. During a triphasic response, there was first a cortical depolarization in a small cortical region the size of a single cortical barrel. Subsequently, this depolarization increased and spread laterally in an oval manner, preferentially along rows of the barrel field. During the second phase, the amplitude of the evoked response declined rapidly, presumably because of recurrent inhibition. Subsequently, the third phase exhibiting a depolarization rebound was observed and clear, and ϳ16 Hz oscillations were detected. Stimulus conditions revealing a net surround hyperpolarization during the second phase were also found. By using new, improved VSD, the present findings shed new light on the spatial parameters of the intricate spatiotemporal cortical interplay of inhibition and excitation.

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Spatio-Temporal Dynamics of Odor Representations in the Mammalian Olfactory Bulb

Cited by 310 publications

References 78 publications

Wavelet-based multi-resolution statistics for optical imaging signals: Application to automated detection of odour activated glomeruli in the mouse olfactory bulb

Wavelet-based multi-resolution statistics for optical imaging signals: Application to automated detection of odour activated glomeruli in the mouse olfactory bulb

Odor representations in the olfactory bulb evolve after the first breath and persist as an odor afterimage

Imaging Spatiotemporal Dynamics of Surround Inhibition in the Barrels Somatosensory Cortex

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