Spatio‐temporal dynamics of the invasive plant species <i>Elytrigia atherica</i> on natural salt marshes

Veeneklaas, Roos M.; Dijkema, K.S.; Hecker, Norbert; Bakker, Jan P.

doi:10.1111/j.1654-109x.2012.01228.x

Cited by 45 publications

(61 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…On the basis of the pollen record however, and the scarce but convincing presence of Elytrigia atherica, the conclusion is justified that the marshes were under influence of grazing for most of the region from the Iron Age onwards. A final remark to be made in this respect is that recent research shows that Elytrigia atherica communities are not always the final stage in salt marsh vegetation, but can, without grazing, be succeeded by stands of Phragmites australis and Juncus gerardii (Veeneklaas et al 2013).…”

Section: Chapter5 189mentioning

confidence: 99%

Reconstructing vegetation diversity in coastal landscapes

Schepers¹

2014

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Book and cover designChristineKlein,Bremen www.christineklein.nl Photos MansSchepers,RenéCappersandIngerWoltingeProduction RoelfBarkhuis www.barkhuis.nl Financial support StichtingNederlandsMuseumvoor AnthropologieenPraehistorie © 2014 Mans SchepersAllrightsreserved.Nopartofthispublicationmaybereproducedortransmittedinanyform or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or by any informationstorageorretrievalsystem,withoutpermissioninwrittenformfromtheauthor. PEOPLE AND VEGETATION Reconstructing vegetation is far from a walk in the park - yet it is a prerequisite for a fuller understanding of past human behaviour in all its aspects. The exploitation of the landscape is not restricted to the direct use of plants. It is the grass we will not let grow under our feet, the forest we cannot see for the trees, and the nettle we are willing to grasp. To reduce vegetation to the berries we chew, the meadows we graze our livestock on, and the oaks we fell to support our roofs is an anthropocentric simplification of the complicated interaction between humans and their environment. This relationship is relevant to, and has been studied from, a variety of perspectives, both historical and contemporary (Sukopp 1969). ISBN (dissertation edition)Traditionally, archaeological studies (and archaeologists) have split into two camps. On the one hand, there are the so-called 'specialist studies', such as ceramic analysis, lithic analysis, and zooarchaeological analysis. On the other hand, General introduction 0010there are the more general studies, in which various aspects of one period are brought together. In this tradition, the study of past vegetation would be regarded as a specialist palaeobotanical (also known as archaeobotanical) study. However, the relevance of the natural environment for understanding human behaviour has long been acknowledged by more generalist archaeologists, in some cases as a result of the archaeologist's background in biology or physical geography (two Dutch examples are Louwe Kooijmans [1974, 1985] and Waterbolk [1954]).Two main research questions underlie this study, of which the first governs the second: Is it possible to improve upon the reconstruction of past vegetation at the most detailed level? To answer this first research question, several approaches are adopted. First, the potential of applying both recent and long-established methodology and data from present-day vegetation ecology to archaeobotanical data is explored. Modern ecological field studies are an essential element for the interpretation of the archaeobotanical record (Butzer 1982, 171-172). Second, the relationship between some frequently studied types of archaeological contexts and their botanical composition (as opposed to standing vegetation) is studied in detail. It is alleged that it is possible to successfully address past vegetation composition by seeking novelty in the analysis, rather than by seeking new proxies (stage 5 rather than 4 in Fig. 1.5). In this study, the emphasis lies on the...

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Section: Chapter5 189mentioning

confidence: 99%

Reconstructing vegetation diversity in coastal landscapes

Schepers¹

2014

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“…When grazing ceased, intensive ditching was often discontinued. This resulted in a wetter marsh and reduced spread of sea couch (Veeneklaas et al 2013).…”

Section: Livestock Grazingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…With little sediment input and continuous SLR, a salt marsh gets wetter, thus preventing the spread of the late successional sea couch Elytrigia atherica on Hamburger Hallig even without livestock grazing (Esselink et al 2009). On the back-barrier marsh of Schiermonnikoog, sea couch has been replaced by the reed Phragmites australis, far from the salt-marsh edge (Veeneklaas et al 2013). This suggest that on broad salt marshes geomorphological changes may occur, resulting in growing differences in elevation, that is, high salt-marsh edge and creek bank levees, and lower depressions between creeks.…”

Section: 64mentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental Impacts—Coastal Ecosystems

Bakker

Baas

Bartholdy

et al. 2016

North Sea Region Climate Change Assessment

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This chapter examines the impacts of climate change on the natural coastal ecosystems in the North Sea region. These comprise sandy shores and dunes and salt marshes in estuaries and along the coast. The chapter starts by describing the characteristic geomorphological features of these systems and the importance of sediment transport. Consideration is then given to the role of bioengineering organisms in feedback relationships with substrate, how changes in physical conditions such as embankments affect coastal systems, and the effects of livestock. The effects of climate change-principally accelerated sea-level rise, and changes in the wind climate, temperature and precipitation-on these factors affecting coastal ecosystems are then discussed. Although the focus of this chapter is on the interaction of abiotic conditions and the vegetation, the potential impacts of climate change on the distribution of plant species and on birds breeding in salt marshes is also addressed. Climate impacts on birds, mammals and fish species are covered in other chapters.

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“…The tails are located at the eastern part of the islands, as the dominant sediment transport direction along the Wadden Sea coast is from west to east. The salt marsh of Terschelling mostly dates from the 1930's, whereas that of Schiermonnikoog exhibits a chronosequence from 200-y old marshes to recently-formed ones (Jager 2006), and Spiekeroog has developed gradually since the 1940's -1960's (Veeneklaas et al 2013). …”

Section: Study Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Local processes that can lead to rejuvenation include grubbing and trampling of geese, inhibited drainage at the salt De Jong et al 2014 marsh further from the intertidal flats caused by differential accretion (Veeneklaas et al 2013), salt-marsh cycling (Yapp et al 1917), overgrazing by rabbits, extensive driftline deposition, and spontaneous blocking of creeks. The circumference of an island tail varies on the long term due to several processes: shifts in position of the inlets, pseudo-cyclic shifts of ebb-tidal delta and back-barrier channels, coastal erosion, sediment delivery from the ebb-tidal delta, and overwash (Dean 1988;Sha 1989;Davis 1994;Van Veen et al 2005;Cheung et al 2007;Ten Haaf and Buijs 2008;Elias et al 2012).…”

Section: Disturbances and Regression And Natural Dynamicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tales of island tails: biogeomorphic development and management of barrier islands

Groot¹,

Oost

Veeneklaas³

et al. 2016

J Coast Conserv

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The Frisian islands (Southern North Sea) have extensive island tails, i.e. the entire downdrift side of an island consisting of salt marshes, dunes, beaches and beach plains, and green beaches. Currently, large parts of these tails are ageing and losing dynamics, partly due to human influence. This may mean a loss of young stages on the long term, and current management is not enough to counteract this. To aid the development of new interventions aiming at (re)introducing natural dynamics, a conceptual model of island-tail development under natural and disturbed conditions was developed, based on existing data, field visits and literature. The development of an island tail follows the general pattern of biogeomorphic succession. The first phase consists of a bare beach plain. In the second phase, embryonic dunes form. In the third phase, green beaches, dunes and salt marshes form, including drainage by creeks and washovers. In the fourth phase, vegetation succession continues and the morphology stabilises. Human interference (such as sand dikes and embankments) reduces natural dynamics and increases succession speed, leading to a reduction in the diversity in landforms and vegetation types. Both for natural and human-influenced island tails, succession is the dominant process and large-scale rejuvenation only occurs spontaneously when large-scale processes cause erosion or sedimentation. Island tails cannot be kept permanently in a young successional stage by reintroducing natural dynamics through management interventions, as biogeomorphic succession is dominant. However, such interventions may result in local and temporal rejuvenation when tailored to the specific situation.

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Spatio‐temporal dynamics of the invasive plant species Elytrigia atherica on natural salt marshes

Cited by 45 publications

References 30 publications

Reconstructing vegetation diversity in coastal landscapes

Reconstructing vegetation diversity in coastal landscapes

Environmental Impacts—Coastal Ecosystems

Tales of island tails: biogeomorphic development and management of barrier islands

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