Spatio‐temporal dynamics of willow beetle (<i>Phratora vulgatissima</i>) in short‐rotation coppice willows grown as monocultures or a genetically diverse mixture

Peacock, Lori; Herrick, S.; Brain, P.

doi:10.1046/j.1461-9563.1999.00039.x

Cited by 30 publications

(30 citation statements)

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“…Because the willow beetle is very mobile and discriminates between host-plants within a mixture (Peacock, Herrick & Brain 1999), time would be lost looking for suitable plants, especially in plots with several different willow genotypes and less regular spatial configurations (Peacock & Herrick 2000). These mobile aggregations of adults would result in a distribution of damaged plants throughout the plots.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This study utilized an existing 6-year-old experimental plantation at Long Ashton Research Station, Bristol, UK (51 ° 25 ′ 28 ″ N, 2 ° 39 ′ 49 ″ W), the detailed design of which has been published previously by Parker, Arnold & Royle (1996) and Peacock, Herrick & Brain (1999 (three-way) and two with all five willow genotypes (five-way). All plots were 20 m long (1 m between plants) by 20 rows wide (1 m between rows), comprising 400 plants per plot.…”

Section:  mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Beetles overwinter mainly outside plantations (Kendall & Wiltshire 1998), enter the plantation during April, feed, mate and lay eggs. Phratora vulgatissima are known to form aggregations and are highly mobile (Peacock, Herrick & Brain 1999), the position of highest infestation moving throughout the planting during the season (Sage et al . 1999).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Does host genotype diversity affect the distribution of insect and disease damage in willow cropping systems?

Peacock

Hunter

Turner

et al. 2001

Journal of Applied Ecology

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Summary1. Planting of willow genotype mixtures for biomass production has been suggested as a non-chemical strategy for pest management. Basic information on spatial dynamics of important insects and pathogens is necessary for the effective deployment of host genotypes in a plantation. In 1998 and 1999 the degree and spatial distribution of damage by Melampsora spp. and Phratora vulgatissima were studied concurrently in a field trial containing monocultures of willow Salix genotypes with different willow rust and beetle susceptibilities, and two design mixtures (random or regular) of three or five genotypes. 2. For both years, there was more rust and beetle damage on plants in monocultures than in mixtures. There were significant differences in the vertical distribution of beetle damage along stems between plantation designs for the 2 years, yet only in 1999 for rust. Rust severity along stems was significantly correlated between leaves, indicating localized spread of disease. In contrast, beetle damage severity along stems was weakly correlated between alternate leaves and leaves farther apart, suggesting beetle movement from tree to tree. 3. In 1998, spatial distribution of rust was aggregated in 67% of plots studied and in 40% for beetles. There was no significant difference in the distribution of beetle damage between planting design, but rust was aggregated in 75% of mixtures and 33% of monocultures. While beetle damage distribution was similar between years, rust was aggregated in all monoculture plots but in only 8% of mixtures in 1999. The difference between years and design for rust was probably because of the later stage of rust development in 1999 and the delaying effect of mixtures on this development. 4. In 1998, there were significant negative correlations between the extent of rust and beetle damage on individual trees. However, only 20% of plots showed a significant spatial dissociation between these two types of damage. There were fewer discernible interactions in 1999. 5. Plantation design provides the basis for integrated control of rust and beetle damage within willow cropping systems by delaying the spread and development of both organisms. Both pest and disease can be assessed successfully simultaneously under field conditions, a major saving in human resources. Initial selection of willow mixture configuration should primarily take into account the effects of spatial design on rust development.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section:  mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Does host genotype diversity affect the distribution of insect and disease damage in willow cropping systems?

Peacock

Hunter

Turner

et al. 2001

Journal of Applied Ecology

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“…The response therefore depends on continuous sprouting of new leaves and will potentially only affect herbivores feeding on these leaves later in the season. Adults of the willow leaf beetle P. vulgatissima usually aggregate on preferred host plants early in the season (Peacock et al 1999). The plants are generally attacked again when the next generation of larvae hatches; this larval generation can then cause heavy damage to the plants.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adult beetle grazing induces willow trichome defence against subsequent larval feeding

Dalin

Björkman

2003

Oecologia

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Induced increases in trichome density to grazing by herbivores have been suggested to increase plant resistance to future herbivore attack. In this paper we present results which show that plants of Salix cinerea L. respond to adult leaf beetle (Phratora vulgatissima L.) grazing by developing new leaves with an increased trichome density. The same plants are usually attacked again later in the season when the next generation of larvae hatches on the plants. The effect of the induced response was studied by comparing larval growth and feeding on newly developed leaves of plants exposed to different defoliation treatments. Larvae on plants previously exposed to adult grazing consumed less total leaf area and showed more dispersed feeding than larvae on plants protected from previous grazing. Larvae on plants exposed to mechanical defoliation responded intermediately. These results corresponded to the increased trichome density of defoliated plants. However, we found this larval response only in whole plant tests--when reared on single, excised leaves in petri dishes, larvae in all treatments behaved similarly. This discrepancy between the on-plant experiment and that in petri dishes highlights how experimental design may alter the conclusion of a study. We suggest that the induced response to adult grazing may act as a defence against subsequent larval feeding.

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“…Another argument in favour of the establishment of plantations is that apart from an occasional willow rust infection (Dawson and McCracken, 1995;McCracken and Dawson, 1998;PEI et al, 1993) and damage caused by willow leaf beetles (Ahman, and Lövgren, 1995;Larsson, 1998;Peacock et al, 1999; Sylvén and Lövgren, 1995) they do not tend to be attached by pathogens or pests, and in the majority of cases no crop protection activities are required in such plantations. Moreover, these plantations absorb considerable amounts of carbon-dioxide (Lemus and The increasing frequency of weather extremes however, necessitates further studies to ensure optimum nutrient supplies for energy wood plantations established in unfavourable growing sites.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biomass Production of Energy Willow Under Unfavourable Field Conditions

Mikó¹,

Kovács²,

Alexa³

et al. 2014

Appl Ecol Env Res

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Abstract. The production of woody energy crops may offer a real alternative for the utilisation of unfavourable cropping sites during the coming years. An experiment with woody energy crops on rustbrown forest soil was set up in 2007 at the Crop Production and Biomass Utilisation Demonstration Centre of Szent István University in the town of Gödöllő. The experiment was aimed at studying five willow varieties (Tora, Tordis, Inger, Sven, Csala) at three different nutrient levels (control, fertilisers, compost). We were seeking for the nutrient treatment and the variety that would produce the best results in a two-year harvesting schedule.In 2009 the average (50.8 t/ha) of the plots where fertilisers were applied exceeded the control yield (38.6 t/ha) by 31.6% which was even exceeded by the plots where compost was applied (40.6 t/ha) by 5.2%. In 2011 the yields after the application of fertilisers (51.0 t/ha) and compost (49.2 t/ha) exceeded the control yield (37.5 t/ha) by 36.0% and 31.2%, respectively. In 2009 a 22.9% while in 2011 a 49.7% difference was found between the average yields of the two different groups of varieties, respectively. The Tordis and Sven varieties fell short of, while Csala, Inger and Tora exceeded the 40 t/ha two-year biomass yield in both 2009 and 2010. In view of the impacts of the different growing seasons further studies will need to be carried out in order to be able to choose the variety that is best suited to the given site.

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Spatio‐temporal dynamics of willow beetle (Phratora vulgatissima) in short‐rotation coppice willows grown as monocultures or a genetically diverse mixture

Cited by 30 publications

References 18 publications

Does host genotype diversity affect the distribution of insect and disease damage in willow cropping systems?

Does host genotype diversity affect the distribution of insect and disease damage in willow cropping systems?

Adult beetle grazing induces willow trichome defence against subsequent larval feeding

Biomass Production of Energy Willow Under Unfavourable Field Conditions

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