Spatio-Temporal Variations in Water Quality of the Chao Phraya River, Thailand, between 1991 and 2008

Abstract

Spatio-temporal variations in the water quality of the Chao Phraya River, Thailand, were examined, on average-yearly basis, between 1999 and 2008, from 32 surface water stations from the river origin to the delta. Five water quality parameters viz., DO, BOD, TCB, FCB, NH3-N and water temperature were used in the analysis. Analysis was performed by using the Self Organizing Maps. Four distinct spatially approached clusters were classified, according to the similarity of water quality parameters, while temporal variations of most of the surface water stations were not obviously observed. The worst water quality condition was at the stations near the river delta and highly related to anthropogenic stresses. Result from the correspondence analysis showed that, except for the cluster of the worst water quality, the stations of the remaining three clusters were overlapped. There was no statistical difference in water temperature among clusters but the expected effects from climate change should be a precautionary focus since the will eventually affect the water quality.

Influence of hydraulic retention time and amplitude of water level fluctuations on water quality in irrigation reservoirs of the Kala Oya river basin, Sri Lanka

“…Many WQIs are potentially useful in the planning of water resource protection, improvement, and utilization, whereas some WQIs have been specifically developed to aid in environmental planning and decision making. Several authors have shown that multivariate statistical approaches are more appropriate to understand the underpinning patterns of water quality parameters, especially due to their interdependence (e.g., Sheela et al, 2012;Avakul and Jutagate 2012).…”

Assessment of Water Quality Profile Using Numerical Modeling Approach in Major Climate Classes of Asia

“…Currently, many studies and literature reviews have been carried out on climate change phenomena and sustainable urban water supply, at local and global scales, outlining the problems associated with climate change impacts and uncontrolled urbanization [ 5 , 10 , 48 , 49 ]. The mitigation of the effects of climate change requires a collection of reliable data on water quality for effective monitoring and management at local, regional, and global levels as previously performed in several countries [ 48 , 49 , 52 , 53 , 54 ]. However, a gap remains on the longitudinal profiling of water quality assessment across the different climatic regions.…”