Spatiotemporal and kinematic characteristics of gait initiation across a wide speed range

Stansfield, Ben; Hawkins, Katrina; Adams, Sarah; Church, Doireann

doi:10.1016/j.gaitpost.2018.02.003

Cited by 15 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Three-dimensional motion of participants was tracked using 20 individual markers and 4 clusters (thighs and shanks) of markers attached to the lower limbs (16 camera, 120Hz) (Qualisys AB, Goteborg, Sweden). This model has been described in detail elsewhere [23]. Segment locations were defined using the markers: Pelvis -bilateral posterior and anterior superior iliac spine markers, thigh -hip joint centre and medial and lateral knee markers, shank -knee joint centre and medial and lateral ankle markers, foot -heel and heads of metatarsals 1 and 5 markers.…”

Section: Motion Trackingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Whilst these methods have provided additional insight into speed related changes these have not necessarily taken gender based differences and individual variation into account. Techniques such as the use of mixed linear modelling can be used to explore the relationship between outcomes and speed whilst factoring in gender differences and allowing for variation between individuals within the analysis [22,23].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A mixed linear modelling characterisation of gender and speed related changes in spatiotemporal and kinematic characteristics of gait across a wide speed range in healthy adults

Stansfield

Hawkins

Adams

et al. 2018

Medical Engineering & Physics

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In exploring the relationship between the kinematics of gait and speed of progression individual variation in patterns and gender differences have not always been adequately taken into account. In the current study mixed linear modelling was used to isolate changes with speed from those associated with individual variation and gender. Three-dimensional motion analysis of 20 participants (10M/10F, 25.7 ± 5.1 years) walking at a wide range of speeds (normalised speeds 0.10-0.55 ∼0.41-2.26 m/s) was recorded (775 walks). Spatiotemporal (speed, cadence, step length, percentage of single and double support) and kinematic characteristics (pelvis through ankle) were determined. Significant between participant differences were highlighted in both intercept and slope of relationships. In addition females exhibiting different peak pelvic tilt and obliquity, hip flexion and internal rotation and ankle dorsiflexion compared to males. Spatiotemporal parameters exhibited non-linear relationships with normalised speed (R> 0.5). Kinematic features exhibited significant relationships with normalised speed, varying from linear to cubic, from very weak to strong in fit (0.010 > R> 0.672). Mixed linear modelling highlighted gender dependent, speed related changes in addition to inter-individual variation. Gender and speed are both important determinants of gait patterns, however, individual variations remain.

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Section: Motion Trackingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A mixed linear modelling characterisation of gender and speed related changes in spatiotemporal and kinematic characteristics of gait across a wide speed range in healthy adults

Stansfield

Hawkins

Adams

et al. 2018

Medical Engineering & Physics

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“…To have a smooth transition from the interpolation method to AFO, the frequencies are continuously monitored while the phase information from the AFO is adapted in the transient walking mode between step count of R3 ( 2) and R1 ( 6) by constantly updating the phase of the oscillator using heel strike gait events. These checks ensure that switching happens only when the user is truly in a state of continuous walking [34], [35].…”

Section: Switchmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this study, we contemplated upon the observation that the natural human gait in everyday life is a combination of cyclic and acyclic phases [34], [35]. For example, movements inside closed/confined spaces (e.g., indoors, such as livingroom, kitchen, etc.)…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Adaptive Hybrid Control Architecture for an Active Transfemoral Prosthesis

2022

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The daily usage of a prosthesis for people with an amputation consists of phases of intermittent and continuous walking patterns. Based on this observation, this paper introduces a novel hybrid architecture to control a transfemoral prosthesis, where separate algorithms are used depending on these two different types of movement. For intermittent walking, an interpolation-based algorithm generates control signals for the ankle and knee joints, whereas, for continuous walking, the control signals are generated utilizing an adaptive frequency oscillator. A switching strategy that allows for smooth transitioning from one controller to another is also presented in the design of the architecture. The individual algorithms for the generation of the joints angles' references, along with the switching strategy were experimentally validated on a pilot test with a healthy subject wearing an able-bodied adapter and a designed transfemoral prosthesis. The results demonstrate the capability of the individual algorithms to generate the required control signals while undergoing smooth transitions when required. Through the use of a combination of interpolation and adaptive frequency oscillator-based methods, the controller also demonstrates its response adaptation capability to various walking speeds.INDEX TERMS Prosthetics, rehabilitation robotics, control design.

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“…Postural changes in particular would have a detrimental impact on APAs production. An altered representation of the body position (egocentric representation) may determine a functional re-organization of the supplementary motor area (SMA)-proper hampering selection and re-scaling of APAs to adapt to the altered postural framework and bradykinetic stepping (Leteneur et al, 2013; Fortin et al, 2015; Yoshii et al, 2016; Delafontaine et al, 2017; Stansfield et al, 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gait initiation impairment in patients with Parkinson’s disease and freezing of gait

Palmisano

Beccaria

Haufe

et al. 2022

Preprint

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ObjectiveFreezing of gait (FOG) is a sudden episodic inability to produce effective stepping despite the intention to walk. It typically occurs during gait initiation or modulation and may lead to falls and loss of independence. We assessed gait initiation (GI) changes in parkinsonian patients suffering from FOG when off dopaminergic medications, removing correlations with anthropometric measurements, the base of support, and initial stance posture. We also addressed the temporal pattern of segmental body movements subserving gait initiation.MethodsWe studied 23 subjects with Parkinson’s disease (PD) and FOG (PDF), 20 patients with PD and no previous history of FOG (PDNF), and 20 healthy controls (HC). Kinematic and dynamic analysis of anticipatory postural adjustments (imbalance, unloading, stepping phase) was performed while patients were starting gait from upright standing after a self-selected period, to avoid any effect of cueing on gait initiation.ResultsThe center of pressure (CoP) displacement and velocity during imbalance showed a significant impairment in both PDNF and PDF, more prominent in the latter patients. Several measurements were specifically impaired in PDF patients, especially the CoP displacement along the anteroposterior axis during unloading. The pattern of segmental center of mass (SCoM) movements during gait initiation did not show any differences between groups, but had high inter-subject variability. The standing postural profile preceding GI did not correlate with outcome measurements.ConclusionsOur results showed impaired motor programming at gait initiation in parkinsonian patients. The more prominent deterioration of unloading in PDF patients might suggest impaired processing and integration of somatosensory information subserving gait initiation. The unaltered temporal movement sequencing of SCoM in both PDNF and PDF might indicate some compensatory cerebellar mechanisms triggering time-locked models of body mechanics in PD.

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Spatiotemporal and kinematic characteristics of gait initiation across a wide speed range

Cited by 15 publications

References 26 publications

A mixed linear modelling characterisation of gender and speed related changes in spatiotemporal and kinematic characteristics of gait across a wide speed range in healthy adults

A mixed linear modelling characterisation of gender and speed related changes in spatiotemporal and kinematic characteristics of gait across a wide speed range in healthy adults

An Adaptive Hybrid Control Architecture for an Active Transfemoral Prosthesis

Gait initiation impairment in patients with Parkinson’s disease and freezing of gait

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