Spatiotemporal Associations between Local Safety Level Index and COVID-19 Infection Risks across Capital Regions in South Korea

Lym, Youngbin; Lym, Hyobin; Kim, Kee K.; Kim, Ki‐Jung

doi:10.3390/ijerph19020824

Cited by 2 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 46 publications

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“…In Korea, research using EP has primarily focused on COVID-19 or environmental fields. 46 47 48 More detailed geographic and result presentations could be made by providing an EP map explaining excess probability and presenting estimated risks of OHCA occurrences and survival outcomes, thus enabling a clearer prioritization of public health interventions within a limited environment.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatiotemporal Analysis of Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest Incidence and Survival Outcomes in Korea (2009–2021)

Lee,

Jung,

et al. 2024

J Korean Med Sci

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Background Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest is a major public health concern in Korea. Identifying spatiotemporal patterns of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest incidence and survival outcomes is crucial for effective resource allocation and targeted interventions. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the spatiotemporal epidemiology of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest in Korea, with a focus on identifying high-risk areas and populations and examining factors associated with prehospital outcomes. Methods We conducted this population-based observational study using data from the Korean out-of-hospital cardiac arrest registry from January 2009 to December 2021. Using a Bayesian spatiotemporal model based on the Integrated Nested Laplace Approximation, we calculated the standardized incidence ratio and assessed the relative risk to compare the spatial and temporal distributions over time. The primary outcome was out-of-hospital cardiac arrest incidence, and the secondary outcomes included prehospital return of spontaneous circulation, survival to hospital admission and discharge, and good neurological outcomes. Results Although the number of cases increased over time, the spatiotemporal analysis exhibited a discernible temporal pattern in the standardized incidence ratio of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest with a gradual decline over time (1.07; 95% credible interval [CrI], 1.04–1.09 in 2009 vs. 1.00; 95% CrI, 0.98–1.03 in 2021). The district-specific risk ratios of survival outcomes were more favorable in the metropolitan and major metropolitan areas. In particular, the neurological outcomes were significantly improved from relative risk 0.35 (0.31–0.39) in 2009 to 1.75 (1.65–1.86) in 2021. Conclusion This study emphasized the significance of small-area analyses in identifying high-risk regions and populations using spatiotemporal analyses. These findings have implications for public health planning efforts to alleviate the burden of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest in Korea.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatiotemporal Analysis of Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest Incidence and Survival Outcomes in Korea (2009–2021)

Lee,

Jung,

et al. 2024

J Korean Med Sci

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Impact of vaccination and non-pharmacological interventions on COVID-19: a review of simulation modeling studies in Asia

Thakkar,

Spinardi,

Yang

et al. 2023

Front. Public Health

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IntroductionEpidemiological modeling is widely used to offer insights into the COVID-19 pandemic situation in Asia. We reviewed published computational (mathematical/simulation) models conducted in Asia that assessed impacts of pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions against COVID-19 and their implications for vaccination strategy.MethodsA search of the PubMed database for peer-reviewed, published, and accessible articles in English was performed up to November 2022 to capture studies in Asian populations based on computational modeling of outcomes in the COVID-19 pandemic. Extracted data included model type (mechanistic compartmental/agent-based, statistical, both), intervention type (pharmacological, non-pharmacological), and procedures for parameterizing age. Findings are summarized with descriptive statistics and discussed in terms of the evolving COVID-19 situation.ResultsThe literature search identified 378 results, of which 59 met criteria for data extraction. China, Japan, and South Korea accounted for approximately half of studies, with fewer from South and South-East Asia. Mechanistic models were most common, either compartmental (61.0%), agent-based (1.7%), or combination (18.6%) models. Statistical modeling was applied less frequently (11.9%). Pharmacological interventions were examined in 59.3% of studies, and most considered vaccination, except one study of an antiviral treatment. Non-pharmacological interventions were also considered in 84.7% of studies. Infection, hospitalization, and mortality were outcomes in 91.5%, 30.5%, and 30.5% of studies, respectively. Approximately a third of studies accounted for age, including 10 that also examined mortality. Four of these studies emphasized benefits in terms of mortality from prioritizing older adults for vaccination under conditions of a limited supply; however, one study noted potential benefits to infection rates from early vaccination of younger adults. Few studies (5.1%) considered the impact of vaccination among children.ConclusionEarly in the COVID-19 pandemic, non-pharmacological interventions helped to mitigate the health burden of COVID-19; however, modeling indicates that high population coverage of effective vaccines will complement and reduce reliance on such interventions. Thus, increasing and maintaining immunity levels in populations through regular booster shots, particularly among at-risk and vulnerable groups, including older adults, might help to protect public health. Future modeling efforts should consider new vaccines and alternative therapies alongside an evolving virus in populations with varied vaccination histories.

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Spatiotemporal Associations between Local Safety Level Index and COVID-19 Infection Risks across Capital Regions in South Korea

Cited by 2 publications

References 46 publications

Spatiotemporal Analysis of Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest Incidence and Survival Outcomes in Korea (2009–2021)

Spatiotemporal Analysis of Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest Incidence and Survival Outcomes in Korea (2009–2021)

Impact of vaccination and non-pharmacological interventions on COVID-19: a review of simulation modeling studies in Asia

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