Spatiotemporal diet shifting in a neotropical fish species: The role of riparian vegetation and seasonal inundation

Abstract

Aquatic organisms that consume resources from riparian vegetation or floodplain forests act as trophic links between aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems. For instance, the pacu Piaractus mesopotamicus (Holmberg 1887), which is a migratory fish species, can play an important role in this interaction on Neotropical floodplains. We compared the stomach content of individuals from this species between two different parts of a large river floodplain during contrasting hydrological seasons to quantify the spatiotemporal contribution of allochthonous and autochthonous resources in their diet. Moreover, we performed a bipartite network approach to evaluate the sensitivity of these populations to a simulated loss of food resources through the potential deforestation of riparian vegetation. We found that in the upper catchment, individuals fed mainly on allochthonous items, but their identity depended on the season: fruits were the most abundant resource during the wet season, whereas leaves were more consumed during the dry season. In the lower catchment, the contribution of allochthonous resources was slightly lower in the dry season than in the wet season, when the pacu was able to explore the floodplain. Finally, the results from our consumer-resource network model indicated that this system is vulnerable to riparian deforestation since P. mesopotamicus is highly dependent on input from the riparian vegetation items to its feed.

Structure and vulnerability of the ichthyochory network in wetland forests of Central Amazonia

“…The study of mutualistic networks has focused mainly on the structure of the networks of mammals and frugivorous birds (Mello et al., 2011a, 2011b; Sarmento et al., 2014; Silva et al., 2023), and only recently has it focused on networks with frugivorous fish (Araujo et al., 2021; Correa et al., 2016; Mateus et al., 2022; Pereyra et al., 2023) due to the potential harm that the loss of frugivorous fish could cause to the diversity of floodable forests (Correa et al., 2007; Correa, Araújo, et al., 2015; Correa, Costa‐Pereira, et al., 2015; Costa et al., 2023; Costa‐Pereira et al., 2017, 2018; Costa‐Pereira & Galetti, 2015). These studies can provide a baseline of how environmental changes influence the stability and functioning of communities (Bascompte & Olesen, 2015).…”

“…In these environments, there are more than 1600 plant species (Wittmann et al, 2006(Wittmann et al, , 2010, with flowering and fruiting periods that coincide with the increase in the level of the river (Parolin et al, 2004(Parolin et al, , 2013. This allows seed dispersal via water (hydrochory) and fish (ichthyochory) (Correa, Araújo, et al, 2015;Costa et al, 2023;Parolin et al, 2013) and the formation of complex mutualistic networks (Araujo et al, 2021;Correa et al, 2016;Mateus et al, 2022;Pereyra et al, 2023).…”