Spatiotemporal distribution of flavescence dorée phytoplasma in grapevine

Prezelj, Nina; Nikolić, Petra; Gruden, Kristina; Ravnikar, Maja; Dermastia, Marina

doi:10.1111/j.1365-3059.2012.02693.x

Cited by 38 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Phytoplasma concentration was calculated on the basis of standard curve and it was expressed as phytoplasma molecules on ng of total DNA extracted (Table 1). In symptomatic plants the phytoplasma concentration was influenced by the grapevine sample but it increased during the season reaching the highest titer in October when the symptoms were severe, confirming evidence from other study [26]. As previously reported [27], no phytoplasmas were detected in healthy and recovered plants.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 90%

Endophytic bacterial community of grapevine leaves influenced by sampling date and phytoplasma infection process

et al. 2014

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BackgroundEndophytic bacteria benefit host plant directly or indirectly, e.g. by biocontrol of the pathogens. Up to now, their interactions with the host and with other microorganisms are poorly understood. Consequently, a crucial step for improving the knowledge of those relationships is to determine if pathogens or plant growing season influence endophytic bacterial diversity and dynamic.ResultsFour healthy, four phytoplasma diseased and four recovered (symptomatic plants that spontaneously regain a healthy condition) grapevine plants were sampled monthly from June to October 2010 in a vineyard in north-western Italy. Metagenomic DNA was extracted from sterilized leaves and the endophytic bacterial community dynamic and diversity were analyzed by taxon specific real-time PCR, Length-Heterogeneity PCR and genus-specific PCR. These analyses revealed that both sampling date and phytoplasma infection influenced the endophytic bacterial composition. Interestingly, in June, when the plants are symptomless and the pathogen is undetectable (i) the endophytic bacterial community associated with diseased grapevines was different from those in the other sampling dates, when the phytoplasmas are detectable inside samples; (ii) the microbial community associated with recovered plants differs from that living inside healthy and diseased plants. Interestingly, LH-PCR database identified bacteria previously reported as biocontrol agents in the examined grapevines. Of these, Burkholderia, Methylobacterium and Pantoea dynamic was influenced by the phytoplasma infection process and seasonality.ConclusionResults indicated that endophytic bacterial community composition in grapevine is correlated to both phytoplasma infection and sampling date. For the first time, data underlined that, in diseased plants, the pathogen infection process can decrease the impact of seasonality on community dynamic. Moreover, based on experimental evidences, it was reasonable to hypothesize that after recovery the restructured microbial community could maintain the main structure between seasons.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 90%

Endophytic bacterial community of grapevine leaves influenced by sampling date and phytoplasma infection process

et al. 2014

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“…We also showed that FDp titers increased along the summer in symptomatic shoots of both cultivars. Such seasonal trends were observed in Slovenia, with Blaufrankisch and Refosk cultivars (Prezelj et al, 2013) and in Italy, with Barbera and Nebbiolo cultivars (Roggia et al, 2014). A direct correlation between FDp titer in the plant and its acquisition efficiency by the insect has been shown (Galetto et al, 2014).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 71%

Contrasting Susceptibilities to Flavescence Dorée in Vitis vinifera, Rootstocks and Wild Vitis Species

et al. 2016

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Flavescence dorée (FD) is a quarantine disease of grapevine, involving interactions between the plants, leafhopper vectors, and FD phytoplasma. Characterizing the susceptibility of vine varieties could limit disease propagation. After extensive surveys in vineyards, we showed that Cabernet Sauvignon (CS) is highly susceptible, with a high proportion of symptomatic branches and phytoplasma titers, in contrast to Merlot (M). Localized insect transmissions and grafting showed that phytoplasma circulate in the whole plant in the CS cultivar, but in M they are restricted to the transmission point. Insect-mediated transmission under high confinement mimicking natural conditions confirmed these phenotypes and allowed the classification of 28 Vitis accessions into three distinct categories, according to the percentage of infected plants and their phytoplasma titers. Reduced symptoms, low phytoplasma titers, and low percentages of infected plants were found to be associated in the Vitis vinifera cultivars tested. Interestingly, the low susceptibility of M was observed for one of its parents, i.e., Magdeleine Noire des Charentes. Rootstocks and their Vitis parents, although having high percentages of infected plants and intermediate to high phytoplasma titers, shared a symptomless response. This is troubling, because rootstocks can constitute a silent reservoir of contamination in mother plants or when they grow wild nearby vineyards. Altogether, data suggest distribution of genetic traits within the Vitis genus involved in insect-mediated phytoplasma transmission, multiplication, circulation, and symptom development.

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“…In 2004 all chosen infected plants had highly pronounced phytoplasma symptoms of level 4. Because of uneven distribution of phytoplasmas within the host plant and their low titers in plant cells, which are detectable with certainty merely in the symptomatic tissues (Prezelj et al 2013), only symptomatic parts of plant 0 11 0 0 0 0 0 0 12 0 0 0 2 0 0 13 0 0 0 0 0 3 14 0 0 0 0 0 0 15 4 4 0 2 0 0 16 0 0 0 0 1 0 17 4 2 0 1 1 0 18 4 3 3 19 4 4 4 20 4 1 0 0 0 3 21 4 4 22 4 4 3 4 4 4 23 4 3 3 4 3 4 24 4 3 4 4 2 3 25 0 0 0 0 1 0 26 4 2 0 3 3 0 27 4 3 2 2 2 0 28 4 3 29 4 2 3 4 1 0 30 4 3 1 3 0 0 The categorization was performed based on pathogen 'Ca. P. solani' abunda...…”

Section: Plant Materials and Rna Extractionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Considering very low titers of phytoplasmas in host cells and their uneven distribution in different parts of the plant (Prezelj et al 2013), the amount of damage caused to hosts by these pathogens is much greater than would be expected from the mere removal of nutrients by them and likely involves plant responses to the infection. Recent studies on BN have shown several transcriptional and metabolic changes in the host plant.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Statistical modeling of long-term grapevine response to ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma solani’ infection in the field

et al. 2017

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Bois noir (BN) is the most widespread European grapevine yellows disease caused by 'Candidatus Phytoplasma solani'. Although our knowledge of the mechanisms of interactions of this pathogenic bacteria with host is largely unknown, the plant-pathogen system of BN is commonly used as a model system for studying grapevine yellows diseases. We applied here a conceptual model of general plant pathology -a disease triangle for describing interactions among the host plant, the pathogen and the environment. We generated a proofof-concept statistical model for disease triangle using original experimental data and different statistical and data mining approaches for a selected system of 'Ca. P. solani' infection of cv. 'Chardonnay' grapevine plants. We monitored individual plants from a single vineyard over a period of six years. Phytoplasma content, the expression of 21 selected grapevine genes and environmental conditions were recorded and related to disease severity. Our model predicts that in described conditions BN is a function of the expression of grapevine gene VvDMR6, summer rainfall and abundance of 'Ca. P. solani'. The greatest impact among elements of the disease triangle is attributed to the pathogen, and is independent of the pathogen titer. We showed that this first de facto representation of the disease triangle is useful for showing disease dynamics over several years and could be applied to other plant-pathogen systems. The overall results of this study will contribute to understanding of 'Ca. P. solani' biology and its interactions with grapevine host.

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Spatiotemporal distribution of flavescence dorée phytoplasma in grapevine

Cited by 38 publications

References 20 publications

Endophytic bacterial community of grapevine leaves influenced by sampling date and phytoplasma infection process

Endophytic bacterial community of grapevine leaves influenced by sampling date and phytoplasma infection process

Contrasting Susceptibilities to Flavescence Dorée in Vitis vinifera, Rootstocks and Wild Vitis Species

Statistical modeling of long-term grapevine response to ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma solani’ infection in the field

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