Spatiotemporal distribution of pharmaceuticals in the Douro River estuary (Portugal)

Madureira, Tânia Vieira; Barreiro, Juliana Cristina; Rocha, Maria João; Rocha, Eduardo; Cass, Quézia B.; Tiritan, Maria Elizabeth

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2010.07.069

Cited by 119 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…Factors reported to increase concentrations of pharmaceuticals in seawater and sediment include proximity to WWTP outfalls [67,68], higher effluent outflows [69], size of the urban area and population [11,70,71], the number of rivers discharging into coastal waters [70], the type of wastewater treatment [19], low mixing and dilution rates for WWTP effluents [72], the hydrodynamic flushing and residence time for confined water bodies [61,73,74], the type, scale and density of animal husbandry [34,58] and proximity to aquaculture [74,75]. Higher concentrations of pharmaceuticals have been measured in estuaries during low and incoming tides [76].…”

Section: (C) Factors Influencing Pharmaceutical Concentrations In Seamentioning

confidence: 99%

Sources, impacts and trends of pharmaceuticals in the marine and coastal environment

Gaw

Thomas

Hutchinson

2014

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

385

149

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There has been a significant investment in research to define exposures and potential hazards of pharmaceuticals in freshwater and terrestrial ecosystems. A substantial number of integrated environmental risk assessments have been developed in Europe, North America and many other regions for these situations. In contrast, comparatively few empirical studies have been conducted for human and veterinary pharmaceuticals that are likely to enter coastal and marine ecosystems. This is a critical knowledge gap given the significant increase in coastal human populations around the globe and the growth of coastal megacities, together with the increasing importance of coastal aquaculture around the world. There is increasing evidence that pharmaceuticals are present and are impacting on marine and coastal environments. This paper reviews the sources, impacts and concentrations of pharmaceuticals in marine and coastal environments to identify knowledge gaps and suggests focused case studies as a priority for future research.

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Section: (C) Factors Influencing Pharmaceutical Concentrations In Seamentioning

confidence: 99%

Sources, impacts and trends of pharmaceuticals in the marine and coastal environment

Gaw

Thomas

Hutchinson

2014

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

385

149

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“…The area of study is densely populated and embraces coastal waters that receive water from different river basins, which have a strong impact of anthro-pogenic activities, as WWTP discharges, untreated effluents, and agricul-tural runoffs. Therefore, different organic pollutants have been detected in Ave (Rocha et al, 2013), Leça (Rocha et al, 2012) and Douro rivers (Ribeiro et al, 2009), including pharmaceuticals (Gonçalves et al, 2013;Madureira et al, 2010;Paíga et al, 2013).…”

Section: Sampling Sites and Sample Collectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory and analgesic pharmaceuticals in seawaters of North of Portugal: Occurrence and environmental risk

Lolić

Paíga

Santos

et al. 2015

Science of The Total Environment

178

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A B S T R A C TThe occurrence of seven pharmaceuticals and two metabolites belonging to non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and analgesics therapeutic classes was studied in seawaters. A total of 101 samples covering fourteen beaches and five cities were evaluated in order to assess the spatial distribution of pharmaceuticals among north Portuguese coast. Seawaters were selected in order to embrace different bathing water quality (excellent, good and sufficient). Acetaminophen, ketoprofen and the metabolite hydroxyibuprofen were detected in all the seawater samples at maximum concentrations of 584, 89.7 and 287 ng L −1 , respectively. Carboxyibuprofen had the highest seawater concentration (1227 ng L −1 ). The temporal distribution of the selected pharmaceuticals during the bathing season showed that, in general, higher concentrations were detected in August and Septem-ber. The environmental risk posed by the pharmaceuticals detected in seawaters towards different trophic levels (fish, daphnids and algae) was also assessed. Only diclofenac showed hazard quotients above one for fish, representing a potential risk for aquatic organisms. These results were observed in seawaters classified as excellent bathing water. Additional data is needed in order to support the identification and prioritization of risks posed by pharmaceuticals in marine environment.

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“…Pharmaceuticals in the environment have been extensively investigated in the last two decades [1][2][3][4][5][6]. However, the concern about the stereochemistry of chiral pharmaceuticals (CP) in the environment is more recent.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enantiomeric fraction evaluation of pharmaceuticals in environmental matrices by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry

Ribeiro

Santos

Maia

et al. 2014

Journal of Chromatography A

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a b s t r a c tThe interest for environmental fate assessment of chiral pharmaceuticals is increasing and enantioselective analytical methods are mandatory. This study presents an enantioselective analytical method for the quantification of seven pairs of enantiomers of pharmaceuticals and a pair of a metabolite. The selected chiral pharmaceuticals belong to three different therapeutic classes, namely selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (venlafaxine, fluoxetine and its metabolite norfluoxetine), beta-blockers (alprenolol, bisoprolol, metoprolol, propranolol) and a beta 2 -adrenergic agonist (salbutamol). The analytical method was based on solid phase extraction followed by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry with a triple quadrupole analyser. Briefly, Oasis® MCX cartridges were used to preconcentrate 250 mL of water samples and the reconstituted extracts were analysed with a Chirobiotic TM V under reversed mode. The effluent of a laboratory-scale aerobic granular sludge sequencing batch reactor (AGS-SBR) was used to validate the method. Linearity (r 2 > 0.99), selectivity and sensitivity were achieved in the range of 20-400 ng L −1 for all enantiomers, except for norfluoxetine enantiomers which range covered 30-400 ng L −1 . The method detection limits were between 0.65 and 11.5 ng L −1 and the method quantification limits were between 1.98 and 19.7 ng L −1 . The identity of all enantiomers was confirmed using two MS/MS transitions and its ion ratios, according to European Commission Decision 2002/657/EC. This method was successfully applied to evaluate effluents of wastewater treatment plants (WWTP) in Portugal. Venlafaxine and fluoxetine were quantified as non-racemic mixtures (enantiomeric fraction / 0.5). The enantioselective validated method was able to monitor chiral pharmaceuticals in WWTP effluents and has potential to assess the enantioselective biodegradation in bioreactors. Further application in environmental matrices as surface and estuarine waters can be exploited.

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Spatiotemporal distribution of pharmaceuticals in the Douro River estuary (Portugal)

Cited by 119 publications

References 58 publications

Sources, impacts and trends of pharmaceuticals in the marine and coastal environment

Sources, impacts and trends of pharmaceuticals in the marine and coastal environment

Assessment of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory and analgesic pharmaceuticals in seawaters of North of Portugal: Occurrence and environmental risk

Enantiomeric fraction evaluation of pharmaceuticals in environmental matrices by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry

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