Spatiotemporal dynamics of urban climate during the wet-dry season transition in a tropical African city

Kabano, Peter; Harris, Angela; Lindley, Sarah

doi:10.1007/s00484-020-02061-1

Cited by 6 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…Kampala is located in a tropical rainforest climate zone (Köppen climate classification) with two dry seasons per year (December to February and June to July). SUHI exacerbation in this area during the dry season has been detected by previous research [ 111 ]. Urban residents in the most built-up parts of the urban areas are the most vulnerable to heat stress, as well as heat-related health complications [ 49 ].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 74%

How urbanisation alters the intensity of the urban heat island in a tropical African city

2021

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Due to the combined effects of urban growth and climate change, rapid urbanisation is particularly challenging in African cities. Areas that will house a large proportion of the urban population in the future coincide with where natural hazards are expected to occur, and where hazard risk management institutions, knowledge, and capacity are often lacking. One of the challenges posed by rapid urbanisation is the Urban Heat Island (UHI) effect, whereby urban areas are warmer than the surrounding rural areas. This study investigates urbanisation patterns and alterations in surface UHI (SUHI) intensity for the Kampala urban cluster, Uganda. Analyses show that between 1995 and 2017, Kampala underwent extensive changes to its urban built-up area. From the centre of the city to adjoining non-built up areas in all directions, the urban land cover increased from 12,133 ha in 1995 to 25,389 ha in 2016. The area of SUHI intensity in Kampala expanded significantly over the 15-year period of study, expanding from 22,910 ha in 2003 to 27,900 ha in 2016, while the annual daytime SUHI of 2.2°C in 2003 had decreased to 1.9°C by 2017. Although SUHI intensity decreased in some parts of the city, elsewhere it increased, suggesting that urbanisation does not always lead to a deterioration of environmental conditions. We postulate that urban development may therefore not necessarily create an undesirable impact on local climate if it is properly managed. Rapidly growing cities in Africa and elsewhere should ensure that the dynamics of their development are directed towards mitigating potentially harmful environmental impacts, such as UHI effect through careful planning that considers both bluespaces and greenspaces.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 74%

How urbanisation alters the intensity of the urban heat island in a tropical African city

2021

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“…Similar productivity‐enhancing interactions also have frequently been observed at terrestrial‐aquatic interfaces (McClain et al 2003, Ballinger and Lake 2006, Capon et al 2013, Garner et al 2015). All these types of interactions can affect functions, such as the productivity of particular land units, both positively (von Hardenberg et al 2001, Bultman et al 2014, Gounand et al 2017) and negatively (Hanski 2015, Chang et al 2021, Kabano et al 2022). In plant communities, net positive interactions have been shown to outweigh the much less frequent negative ones (Wang et al 2019, van der Plas 2019, Turner et al 2020), but corresponding evidence for land‐unit interactions is anecdotal so far (Oehri et al 2020) and awaits systematic investigation.…”

Section: Diversity Metricsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diversity–functioning relationships across hierarchies of biological organization

Mayor,

Allan,

Altermatt

et al. 2023

Oikos

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Numerous biodiversity–ecosystem functioning (BEF) experiments have shown that plant community productivity typically increases with species diversity. In these studies, diversity is generally quantified using metrics of taxonomic, phylogenetic, or functional differences among community members. Research has also shown that the relationships between species diversity and functioning depends on the spatial scale considered, primarily because larger areas may contain different ecosystem types and span gradients in environmental conditions, which result in a turnover of the species set present locally. A fact that has received little attention, however, is that ecological systems are hierarchically structured, from genes to individuals to communities to entire landscapes, and that additional biological variation occurs at levels of organization above and below those typically considered in BEF research. Here, we present cases of diversity effects at different hierarchical levels of organization and compare these to the species‐diversity effects traditionally studied. We argue that when this evidence is combined across levels, a general framework emerges that allows the transfer of insights and concepts between traditionally disparate disciplines. Such a framework presents an important step towards a better understanding of the functional importance of diversity in complex, real‐world systems.

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“…Similar productivityenhancing interactions also have frequently been observed at terrestrial-aquatic interfaces (McClain et al 2003, Ballinger and Lake 2006, Capon et al 2013, Garner et al 2015. All these types of interactions can affect functions, such as the productivity of particular land units, both positively (von Hardenberg et al 2001, Bultman et al 2014, Gounand et al 2017 and negatively (Hanski 2015, Chang et al 2021, Kabano et al 2022. In plant communities, net positive interactions have been shown to outweigh the much less frequent negative ones (Wang et al 2019, van der Plas 2019, Turner et al 2020), but corresponding evidence for land-unit interactions is anecdotal so far (Oehri et al 2020) and awaits systematic investigation.…”

Section: Diversity At the Super-individual Levelmentioning

confidence: 69%

Diversity--functioning relationships across hierarchies of biological organization

Mayor

Allan

Altermatt

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Numerous biodiversity–ecosystem functioning (BEF) experiments have shown that plant community productivity typically increases with species diversity. In these studies, diversity is generally quantified using metrics of taxonomic, phylogenetic, or functional differences among community members. Research has also shown that the relationships between species diversity and functioning depends on the spatial scale considered, primarily because larger areas may contain different ecosystem types and span gradients in environmental conditions, which result in a turnover of the species set present locally. A fact that has received little attention, however, is that ecological systems are hierarchically structured, from genes to individuals to communities to entire landscapes, and that additional biological variation occurs at levels of organization above and below those typically considered in BEF research. Here, we present cases of diversity effects at different hierarchical levels of organization and compare these to the species-diversity effects traditionally studied. We argue that when this evidence is combined across levels, a general framework emerges that allows the transfer of insights and concepts between traditionally disparate disciplines. Such a framework presents an important step towards a better understanding of the functional importance of diversity in complex, real-world systems.

show abstract

Spatiotemporal dynamics of urban climate during the wet-dry season transition in a tropical African city

Cited by 6 publications

References 53 publications

How urbanisation alters the intensity of the urban heat island in a tropical African city

How urbanisation alters the intensity of the urban heat island in a tropical African city

Diversity–functioning relationships across hierarchies of biological organization

Diversity--functioning relationships across hierarchies of biological organization

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