Spatiotemporal Features of Retinal Waves Instruct the Wiring of the Visual Circuitry

Arroyo, David A.; Feller, Marla B.

doi:10.3389/fncir.2016.00054

Cited by 76 publications

(68 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…In tadpoles, it has been shown directly that visual stimulation which includes optic flow in this more natural direction is far more effective at refining the retinotopic projection of RGCs than an identical amount of stimulation oriented in the opposite direction (Hiramoto and Cline, 2014). The mechanisms generating waves in the mammalian retina differ over development: embryonic type I waves depend on gap junctions; type II waves are initiated by starburst amacrine cells and spread through activation of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors; and type III waves utilize glutamate (Feller et al, 1996; Bansal et al, 2000; Torborg et al, 2005; see reviews in this special topic issue by Arroyo and Feller (2016) and Kerschensteiner (2016). In zebrafish, only one stage type of retinal waves has been described.…”

Section: In the Absence Of Sensory Input Correlated Spontaneous Fmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rules for Shaping Neural Connections in the Developing Brain

Kutsarova

Munz

Ruthazer

2017

Front. Neural Circuits

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It is well established that spontaneous activity in the developing mammalian brain plays a fundamental role in setting up the precise connectivity found in mature sensory circuits. Experiments that produce abnormal activity or that systematically alter neural firing patterns during periods of circuit development strongly suggest that the specific patterns and the degree of correlation in firing may contribute in an instructive manner to circuit refinement. In fish and amphibians, unlike amniotic vertebrates, sensory input directly drives patterned activity during the period of initial projection outgrowth and innervation. Experiments combining sensory stimulation with live imaging, which can be performed non-invasively in these simple vertebrate models, have provided important insights into the mechanisms by which neurons read out and respond to activity patterns. This article reviews the classic and recent literature on spontaneous and evoked activity-dependent circuit refinement in sensory systems and formalizes a set of mechanistic rules for the transformation of patterned activity into accurate neuronal connectivity in the developing brain.

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Section: In the Absence Of Sensory Input Correlated Spontaneous Fmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rules for Shaping Neural Connections in the Developing Brain

Kutsarova

Munz

Ruthazer

2017

Front. Neural Circuits

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“…To be perceived, stimuli must cause a sufficient change in baseline activity in the first place (Chacron et al 2001;Ratnam and Nelson 2000). While variability in the baseline activity is detrimental for signal detection at the single neuron level (Jung et al 2016), such activity is critical for proper development (Arroyo and Feller 2016;Watt et al 2009). It is, however, likely that such variability is advantageous for coding (McDonnell and Ward 2011;Stein et al 2005).…”

Section: Common Coding In Ell Across Wave-type Weakly Electric Fish: mentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrosensory processing inApteronotus albifrons: implications for general and specific neural coding strategies across wave-type weakly electric fish species

Martínez

Metzen

Chacron

2016

Journal of Neurophysiology

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Understanding how the brain processes sensory input to generate behavior remains an important problem in neuroscience. Towards this end, it is useful to compare results obtained across multiple species to gain understanding as to the general principles of neural coding. Here we investigated hindbrain pyramidal cell activity in the weakly electric fish Apteronotus albifrons. We found strong heterogeneities when looking at baseline activity. Additionally, ON-and OFF-type cells responded to increases and decreases of sinusoidal and noise stimuli, respectively. While both cell types displayed band-pass tuning, OFF-type cells were more broadly tuned than their ON-type counterparts. The observed heterogeneities in baseline activity as well as the greater broadband tuning of OFF-type cells were both similar to those previously reported in other weakly electric fish species, suggesting that they constitute general features of sensory processing. However, we found that peak tuning occurred at frequencies ~15 Hz in A. albifrons, which is much lower than values reported in the closely related species Apteronotus leptorhynchus and the more distantly related species Eigenmannia virescens. In response to stimuli with time-varying amplitude (i.e., envelope), ON-and OFF-type cells displayed similar high-pass tuning curves characteristic of fractional differentiation and possibly indicate optimized coding. These tuning curves were qualitatively similar to those of pyramidal cells in the closely related species A. leptorhynchus. In conclusion, comparison between our and previous results reveals general and species-specific neural coding strategies. We hypothesize that differences in coding strategies, when observed, result from different stimulus distributions in the natural/social environment. CIHR Author Manuscript CIHR Author Manuscript CIHR Author ManuscriptOne of the main goals of neuroscience is to understand how sensory input is processed to give rise to behavior (i.e., the neural code). Towards this end, it has proven useful to compare the neural coding strategies across species to distinguish those that can be generalized from those that are species specific (Brenowitz and Zakon 2015;Carlson 2012;Hale 2014).Weakly electric fishes generate an electric field around their body through the electric organ discharge (EOD) and rely on perturbations of this field generated by objects in the surrounding water to gain information about their environment (Bullock et al. 2005). They consist of diverse families with hundreds of species (Caputi et al. 2005). Interestingly, electric field generation evolved independently in two clades found in South America (Gymnotoidei) and Africa (Mormyroidea) (Bennett 1971). While recent studies have identified general and species-specific neural coding strategies by quantitatively comparing neural responses across several stages of sensory processing in several mormyriform species whose EODs consist of sequences of species-specific stereotyped pulses separated by quiescence (Baker et al. 2...

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“…The relative contribution of molecular cues and instructive spontaneous activity during map formation, and whether they are independent processes or somehow interact, is largely unknown. Further, it is unclear that our current understanding of actual molecular components and spontaneous or sensory modulated activity represents the full complement of mechanisms involved at all scales of the constructed circuit (Cang and Feldheim, 2013;Arroyo and Feller, 2016;Ito and Feldheim, 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measuring and Modelling the Emergence of Order in the Mouse Retinocollicular Projection

Lyngholm

Sterratt

Jjj

et al. 2019

Preprint

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In the formation of retinotopic maps both experimental and theoretical work implicate guidance molecules and patterned neuronal activity. A common view is that molecular cues define and activity cues refine mappings. Important insights have come from studies of the retinocollicular projection in transgenic mice, in which cues have been modified either in isolation or in combination. Mostly these have generated descriptions of endpoint mappings. The dynamics of map formation remain under-explored experimentally and computationally. We have quantified changes in the ordering of the mouse retinocollicular projection with age after making local collicular injections of fluorescent microspheres. Contour analysis shows that, at birth (P0), cells from over 80% of the retina converge on a given collicular locus; this percentage falls gradually to P4 then rapidly approaches adult values by P12. Paired injections reveal how the segregation of labelled cells depends both on injection site separation and relative orientation and also age. At P0, large anterior-posterior separations failed to produce segregated label: segregation improved with a similar timecourse to convergence to reach near adult-values by P12. An implementation of a combined activity-molecular model captures these segregation dynamics.The developmental dynamics were then studied in the nAChR-b2 -/mouse, which has altered patterns of retinal activity in the first postnatal week that results in a more diffuse adult retinal projection. Surprisingly, both measures of map refinement (convergence and segregation) remain largely constant and imprecise in the first postnatal week -only subsequently does the projection begin to refine. Substituting nAChR-b2 -/activity patterns for wild-type patterns[5] into the model failed to capture the biology: refinement was initially faster.By reducing the relative importance of the gradients' contribution to the model energy (to 15% of normal) we were able to mimic the delayed refinement observed in vivo. Our model therefore predicts the altered activity patterns may affect readout of guidance cues. Lyngholm, Sterratt, Hjorth et al.

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Spatiotemporal Features of Retinal Waves Instruct the Wiring of the Visual Circuitry

Cited by 76 publications

References 41 publications

Rules for Shaping Neural Connections in the Developing Brain

Rules for Shaping Neural Connections in the Developing Brain

Electrosensory processing inApteronotus albifrons: implications for general and specific neural coding strategies across wave-type weakly electric fish species

Measuring and Modelling the Emergence of Order in the Mouse Retinocollicular Projection

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