Spatiotemporal forecasting of vertical track alignment with exogenous factors

Abstract

To ensure the safety of railroad operations, it is important to monitor and forecast track geometry irregularities. A higher safety requires forecasting with higher spatiotemporal frequencies, which in turn requires capturing spatial correlations. Additionally, track geometry irregularities are influenced by multiple exogenous factors. In this study, a method is proposed to forecast one type of track geometry irregularity, vertical alignment, by incorporating spatial and exogenous factor calculations. The proposed method embeds exogenous factors and captures spatiotemporal correlations using a convolutional long short-term memory. The proposed method is also experimentally compared with other methods in terms of the forecasting performance. Additionally, an ablation study on exogenous factors is conducted to examine their individual contributions to the forecasting performance. The results reveal that spatial calculations and maintenance record data improve the forecasting of vertical alignment.

A Tandem Ring Closure and Nitrobenzene Reduction with Sulfide Provides an Improved Route to an Important Intermediate for the Anti-Tuberculosis Drug Candidate Sutezolid

“…With the goal of providing synthetic alternatives to the known TM-based routes to sutezolid, the literature preparations for TM were reevaluated with an eye for potential modifications that would avoid the direct synthesis and isolation of TM. One early synthetic report in particular described a ring-closing reaction between diethanolamine (DEA) and sodium sulfide, making use of mesylate for hydroxyl activation (Scheme A) . This chemistry suggested that a similar sulfide treatment of dimesyl intermediate 5 may provide an attractive alternative route to a known intermediate sutezolid (Scheme B).…”

“…One early synthetic report in particular described a ring-closing reaction between diethanolamine (DEA) and sodium sulfide, making use of mesylate for hydroxyl activation ( Scheme 2 A). 19 This chemistry suggested that a similar sulfide treatment of dimesyl intermediate 5 may provide an attractive alternative route to a known intermediate sutezolid ( Scheme 2 B). A major advantage of this chemistry is that DEA and sodium sulfide are low-cost raw materials, which make them ideal structural building blocks.…”

Long Short-Team Memory for Forecasting Degradation Recovery Process with Binary Maintenance Intervention Records

“…We experimentally compared two methods for inputting the maintenance intervention records in LSTM using synthetic a) E-mail: kawa@faculty.chiba-u.jp DOI: 10.1587/transfun.2023EAL2019 data. One is the concatenation of maintenance intervention records and health data and feeding them into LSTM [4]. A concatenation method is a straightforward approach to deep learning.…”