Spatiotemporal incremental change of radiofrequency catheter ablation‐associated pulmonary vein calcifications

Abstract

A 52-year-old Japanese man was admitted to our center for a fourth PV isolation for recurrence of symptomatic paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (AF). His medical history included hypertension, left nephrectomy for renal cancer, and hemodialysis for chronic glomerulonephritis since the age of 27 years. The patient underwent cavotricuspid isthmus (CTI) ablation without warfarinization 16 years prior.