Spatiotemporal observations of CH4 and CO2 over Iraq using Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) data

The degradation of peatlands through anthropogenic activities recently has contributed to low carbon uptake from the air. Peatlands are one of the largest sources of CH 4 (methane) emissions in terrestrial ecosystems, but during the COVID-19 pandemic with restriction policy was applied, it can affect the atmospheric CH4 concentration and change the atmospheric greenhouse gases. In Indonesia, the lockdown policy was known as the Large-Scale Social Restriction (LSSR) that was implemented in high COVID-19 case areas. In this study, the atmospheric CH4 concentration over the tropical peatlands in the South Sumatera Province of Indonesia was examined at three different periods such as before the COVID-19 pandemic (March and May 2019), before LSSR (March 2020), and during LSSR (May 2020). The CH4 concentration was measured using Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) on NASA's Aqua Satellite, while the Gross Primary Production (GPP) was measured by the NASA's Moderate-resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) aboard the Terra Satellite. The results of the study revealed the average atmospheric CH4 concentration over the South Sumatera Peatland was about 1.73 ppm, which decreased by 5.5% during the LSSR period. Furthermore, GPP values were observed ranging from 53.3 to 63.9 g C m -2 day -1 during the LSSR which indicated high carbon uptake from the atmosphere. In conclusion, the LSSR application has significantly influenced the atmospheric CH4 over the peatlands through restriction of human activities such as land-use conversion, biomass burning, forest fire and etc.

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“…over wetlands and other ecosystems (Abed, 2020;Akumu et al, 2010;Parker et al, 2018;Yang and Wang, 2020).…”

Section: Accepted Manuscriptmentioning

confidence: 99%

Atmospheric Methane Condition over the South Sumatera Peatland during the COVID-19 Pandemic

Rendana

Idris

Rahim

2021

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

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“…Over the last 20 years, agricultural methane emissions in Iraq have increased by the equivalent of 4950 metric tons of CO2 equivalent (Knoema, 2019). For example, the average concentration of methane (during 2003-2015) is high in Central and Southeastern Iraq compared with the western, southwestern, and northeastern regions (Abed et al, 2018).…”

Section: Climate Change and Water (Management Deficit)mentioning

confidence: 99%

The complex system of climate change security and the ripple effect of water–food–socioeconomic nexus

Al-Muqdadi,

Abdalwahab,

Almallah

et al. 2024

J. Infras. Policy. Dev.

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The effects of climate change are recognized globally. This study hypothesizes that climate change impacts are a complex system that creates a ripple effect on water security, food security, and economic security. Ultimately, those domains simultaneously exacerbate climate change effects and produce national security concerns. The study’s framework uses a transdisciplinary team’s quantitative and qualitative approach to evaluate the challenges and possible solutions to climate change security on the Water–Food–Socioeconomic Nexus. Iraq has been taken as a case study highlighting the deficits in management and governance. The dynamic of the ripple effect shows the interventions for each sector’s water-food-socioeconomic and security that collectively impact upon each other over time. The radical shift in the political infrastructure after 2003 from a centralized to a decentralized one without proper preparation is one of the root causes of the governance and management anarchy. About 228 state and non-state actors are involved in decision-making, leaving it fragile and unsustainable. Only 1% of the national budget is allocated to both the Ministry of Water Resources and the Ministry of Agriculture, which leaves no capacity to mitigate the risk of climate change impact.

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“…Iraq is geographically separated into four main regions and is shaped like a basin. Highlands in the north and northeast, alluvial plains in the southeast and center regions, desert in the west and southwest, and northwest to the southeast the fertile sedimentary plains [17]. Iraq is located northeast of the red sea and east of the Mediterranean Sea [10].…”

Section: Study Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

The Relationship of CLWC and Rainfall to the Synoptic Cases of Two Case Studies Over Iraq

Deagan,

Al-Jiboori

2023

IOP Conf. Ser.: Earth Environ. Sci.

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Climate change and the improvement of the environment is one of the most important topics that preoccupied the world, and the main factor for it is precipitation. To understand how to improve the environment, precipitation must be increased by understanding the mechanisms of cloud formation and benefiting from the water content of the liquid cloud, which is the basic building block of precipitation. There is no precipitation without liquid water content. This study examined the effect of depressions on rain and liquid cloud water content, in addition to studying the relationship of liquid water content and precipitation, and classifying clouds according to liquid water content over Iraq. We found that the liquid water content and the amount of precipitation are affected by depressions. Hourly data has been taken cloud liquid water content were used for four primary times, (00, 06, 12, and 18 UTC), at all pressure levels from (1000 to 175 hpa) for the study Selected days in Winter 2019 Taken from the generation of European Center for Medium-Range Weather Forecasting (ECMWF) from ERA5 it is the fifth generation ECMWF atmospheric reanalysis of the global climate covering the period from January 1950 to present. ERA5 is produced by the Copernicus Climate Change Service at ECMWF, sea level pressure maps and geopotential height maps were taken from ECMWF ERA5 Reanalysis. And low, medium, and high clouds and the amount of precipitation were taken from the (Iraqi Meteorological Organization and Seismic Monitoring). Two programs (Matlab) and (Origin) were used to analyze and plot the data.

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Spatiotemporal observations of CH4 and CO2 over Iraq using Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) data

Cited by 4 publications

References 12 publications

Atmospheric Methane Condition over the South Sumatera Peatland during the COVID-19 Pandemic

Atmospheric Methane Condition over the South Sumatera Peatland during the COVID-19 Pandemic

The complex system of climate change security and the ripple effect of water–food–socioeconomic nexus

The Relationship of CLWC and Rainfall to the Synoptic Cases of Two Case Studies Over Iraq

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