2015
DOI: 10.1128/jvi.02106-15
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Spatiotemporal Reconstruction of the Introduction of Hepatitis C Virus into Scotland and Its Subsequent Regional Transmission

Abstract: A more comprehensive understanding of hepatitis C virus (HCV) transmission dynamics could facilitate public health initiatives to reduce the prevalence of HCV in people who inject drugs. We aimed to determine how HCV sequences entered and spread throughout Scotland and to identify transmission hot spots. A Scottish data set with embedded demographic data was created by sequencing the NS5B of 125 genotype 1a (Gt1a) samples and 166 Gt3a samples and analyzed alongside sequences from public databases. Applying Bay… Show more

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Cited by 18 publications
(21 citation statements)
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References 46 publications
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“…The association between HCV subtype 3a and phylogenetic clustering, with all clusters containing individuals infected over multiple years, is consistent with other reports of an increased proportion of incident HCV infection as a result of subtype 3a, compared to 1a, particularly among HIV‐negative PWID , a smaller population of infected people, and more recent introduction of subtype 3a to Australia, compared to 1a . This phenomenon has also been observed in countries such as Scotland , Germany , England , Canada and the United States . This contrasts with a previous analysis which found an association between HCV subtype 1a and phylogenetic clustering , which may be explained by the more recent period of recruitment and higher proportion of participants with HCV/HIV co‐infection sampled in this study.…”
Section: Discussionsupporting
confidence: 84%
“…The association between HCV subtype 3a and phylogenetic clustering, with all clusters containing individuals infected over multiple years, is consistent with other reports of an increased proportion of incident HCV infection as a result of subtype 3a, compared to 1a, particularly among HIV‐negative PWID , a smaller population of infected people, and more recent introduction of subtype 3a to Australia, compared to 1a . This phenomenon has also been observed in countries such as Scotland , Germany , England , Canada and the United States . This contrasts with a previous analysis which found an association between HCV subtype 1a and phylogenetic clustering , which may be explained by the more recent period of recruitment and higher proportion of participants with HCV/HIV co‐infection sampled in this study.…”
Section: Discussionsupporting
confidence: 84%
“…Diagnostically, it is difficult to differentiate between acute and chronic infection and it is therefore unclear if either genotype within the mixed infections of this cohort is transitory or if both genotypes had established chronic infections. The latter situation is more likely as most of our cohort were unlikely to be actively injecting drugs at the time of sampling; the average age of subjects within our cohort was 42.6 ± 9.8 years, the average age at which injecting habits develop are 21‐22 years of age and the average injecting career length has been estimated to be 8 years …”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Potential causes of a dramatic early and large-scale expansion (1940–1960) of the North American HCV genotype 1a epidemic are likely diverse, coinciding with the increase in medical procedures during and immediately following World War II 4,17,18 when injection and blood transfusion technology was still in its infancy 18,19 , and the expansion of recreational injection drug use in North America and associated needle sharing between 1920 and the late 1960s 3,5 . Many medical procedures have been linked to the spread of HCV including HCV contaminated multi-dose vials 20–22 , finger stick devices 23 , and surgical procedures 24 .…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%