Spatiotemporal Trends of Malaria in Relation to Economic Development and Cross-Border Movement along the China–Myanmar Border in Yunnan Province

Xiao-min, Zhao; Thanapongtharm, Weerapong; Lawawirojwong, Siam; Wang, Chun; Tang, Yerong; Zhou, Yao-Wu; Sun, Xin; Sattabongkot, Jetsumon; Kaewkungwal, Jaranit

doi:10.3347/kjp.2020.58.3.267

Cited by 11 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 37 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Zhao et al . found an increased per-capita GDP might indirectly influence the reduction of malaria cases at a macro level [ 54 ], and Xu et al . reported a negative correlation between annual malaria incidence and national GDP [ 55 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effectiveness of indoor residual spraying on malaria control: a systematic review and meta-analysis

et al. 2022

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background Indoor residual spraying (IRS) is one of the key interventions recommended by World Health Organization in preventing malaria infection. We aimed to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of global studies about the impact of IRS on malaria control. Method We searched PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and Scopus for relevant studies published from database establishment to 31 December 2021. Random-effects models were used to perform meta-analysis and subgroup analysis to pool the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI). Meta-regression was used to investigate potential factors of heterogeneity across studies. Results Thirty-eight articles including 81 reports and 1,174,970 individuals were included in the meta-analysis. IRS was associated with lower rates of malaria infection (OR = 0.35, 95% CI: 0.27–0.44). The significantly higher effectiveness was observed in IRS coverage ≥ 80% than in IRS coverage < 80%. Pyrethroids was identified to show the greatest performance in malaria control. In addition, higher effectiveness was associated with a lower gross domestic product as well as a higher coverage of IRS and bed net utilization. Conclusions IRS could induce a positive effect on malaria infection globally. The high IRS coverage and the use of pyrethroids are key measures to reduce malaria infection. More efforts should focus on increasing IRS coverage, developing more effective new insecticides against malaria, and using multiple interventions comprehensively to achieve malaria control goals.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effectiveness of indoor residual spraying on malaria control: a systematic review and meta-analysis

et al. 2022

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Border malaria is a major obstacle to achieving malaria elimination in the GMS [ 39 ]. China and Myanmar share a border of around 2000 km, which includes 18 counties in Yunnan Province of China and 13 townships from Kachin State, eight from Northern Shan State and two from Eastern Shan State in Myanmar [ 40 ]. The border counties on Yunnan side had the highest number of reported malaria cases in China [ 27 ] and the border townships in Myanmar had a relatively high transmission of malaria as well [ 41 ], resulting from lower access to health services, difficulties in deploying the prevention program to hard-to-reach communities, often in difficult terrain, and constant movement of people across porous national boundaries.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The density of population and economic development in 18 Chinese border counties were higher than the border townships in Myanmar, which may have an indirect effect on the reduction of malaria [ 40 ]. Mobile population is also one of the risk factors for malaria control and elimination.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

From control to elimination: a spatial-temporal analysis of malaria along the China-Myanmar border

et al. 2020

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background Malaria cases have declined significantly along the China-Myanmar border in the past 10 years and this region is going through a process from control to elimination. The aim of this study is to investigate the epidemiology of malaria along the border, will identify challenges in the progress from control to elimination. Methods National reported malaria cases from China and Myanmar, along with the data of 18 Chinese border counties and 23 townships in Myanmar were obtained from a web-based diseases information reporting system in China and the national malaria control program of Myanmar, respectively. Epidemiological data was analyzed, including the number of reported cases, annual parasite index and proportion of vivax infection. Spatial mapping of the annual parasite index (API) at county or township level in 2014 and 2018 was performed by ArcGIS. The relationship of malaria endemicity on both sides of the border was evaluated by regression analysis. Results The number of reported malaria cases and API declined in the border counties or townships. In 2014, 392 malaria cases were reported from 18 Chinese border counties, including 8.4% indigenous cases and 91.6% imported cases, while the highest API (0.11) was occurred in Yingjiang County. There have been no indigenous cases reported since 2017, but 164 imported cases were reported in 2018 and 97.6% were imported from Myanmar. The average API in 2014 in 23 Myanmar townships was significantly greater than that of 18 Chinese counties (P < 0.01). However, the API decreased significantly in Myanmar side from 2014 to 2018 (P < 0.01). The number of townships with an API between 0 and 1 increased to 15 in 2018, compared to only five in 2014, while still four townships had API > 10. Plasmodium vivax was the predominant species along the border. The number of reported malaria cases and the proportion of vivax infection in the 18 Chinese counties were strongly correlated with those of the 23 Myanmar townships (P < 0.05). Conclusions Malaria elimination is approaching along the China-Myanmar border. However, in order to achieve the malaria elimination in this region and prevent the re-establishment of malaria in China after elimination, continued political, financial and scientific commitment is required.

show abstract

“…Border malaria is a major obstacle to achieving malaria elimination in the GMS [50]. [51]. The border counties on Yunnan side had the highest number of reported malaria cases in China [38] and the border townships in Myanmar had a relatively high transmission of malaria as well [52], resulting from lower access to health services, di culties in deploying the prevention program to hard-to-reach communities, often in di cult terrain, and constant movement of people across porous national boundaries.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

From Control to Elimination: A Spatial-Temporal Analysis of Malaria Along the China-Myanmar Border

Huang¹,

Zhang²,

Xue³

et al. 2020

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background: Malaria cases have declined significantly along the China-Myanmar border in the past 10 years and this region is going through a process from control to elimination. The aim of this study is to investigate the epidemiology of malaria along the border, will identify challenges in the progress from control to elimination. Methods: National reported malaria cases from China and Myanmar, along with the data of 18 Chinese border counties and 23 townships in Myanmar were obtained from a web-based diseases information reporting system in China and the national malaria control program of Myanmar, respectively. Epidemiological data was analyzed, including the number of reported cases, annual parasite index and proportion of vivax infection. Spatial mapping of the API at county or township level in 2014 and 2018 was performed by ArcGIS. The relationship of malaria endemicity on both sides of the border was evaluated by regression analysis. Results: The number of reported malaria cases and API declined in the border counties or townships. In 2014, 392 malaria cases were reported from 18 Chinese border counties, including 8.42% indigenous cases and 91.58%% imported cases, while the highest API (0.11) was occurred in Yingjiang County. There have been no indigenous cases reported since 2017, but 164 imported cases were reported in 2018 and 97.56% were imported from Myanmar. The average API in 2014 in 23 Myanmar townships was significantly greater than that of 18 Chinese counties (P<0.01). However, the API decreased significantly in Myanmar side from 2014 to 2018 (P<0.01). The number of townships with an API between 0~1 increased to 15 in 2018, compared to only five in 2014, while still four townships had API>10. Plasmodium vivax was the predominant species along the border. The number of reported malaria cases and the proportion of vivax infection in the 18 Chinese counties were strongly correlated with those of the 23 Myanmar townships (P<0.05).Conclusions: Malaria elimination is approaching along the China-Myanmar border. However, in order to achieve the malaria elimination in this region and prevent the re-establishment of malaria in China after elimination, continued political, financial and scientific commitment is required.

show abstract

Spatiotemporal Trends of Malaria in Relation to Economic Development and Cross-Border Movement along the China–Myanmar Border in Yunnan Province

Cited by 11 publications

References 37 publications

Effectiveness of indoor residual spraying on malaria control: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Effectiveness of indoor residual spraying on malaria control: a systematic review and meta-analysis

From control to elimination: a spatial-temporal analysis of malaria along the China-Myanmar border

From Control to Elimination: A Spatial-Temporal Analysis of Malaria Along the China-Myanmar Border

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About