Spatiotemporal Variation of Snowfall to Precipitation Ratio and Its Implication on Water Resources by a Regional Climate Model over Xinjiang, China

Li, Qian; Tao, Yang; Qi, Zhiming; Li, Lanhai

doi:10.3390/w10101463

Cited by 16 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…This also shows that the SCD has a slightly increased trend in northern Xinjiang, China, from 2001 to 2018, which is similar to the analysis result of the Mann-Kendall method. The increasing tendency of the SCD is consistent with previous studies that show snowfall has significantly increased in northern Xinjiang, China in the last few decades [12,64,65].…”

Section: Interannual Variability Of Snow Coversupporting

confidence: 91%

A Conditional Probability Interpolation Method Based on a Space-Time Cube for MODIS Snow Cover Products Gap Filling

et al. 2020

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Seasonal snow cover is closely related to regional climate and hydrological processes. In this study, Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) daily snow cover products from 2001 to 2018 were applied to analyze the snow cover variation in northern Xinjiang, China. As cloud obscuration causes significant spatiotemporal discontinuities in the binary snow cover extent (SCE), we propose a conditional probability interpolation method based on a space-time cube (STCPI) to remove clouds completely after combining Terra and Aqua data. First, the conditional probability that the central pixel and every neighboring pixel in a space-time cube of 5 × 5 × 5 with the same snow condition is counted. Then the snow probability of the cloud pixels reclassified as snow is calculated based on the space-time cube. Finally, the snow condition of the cloud pixels can be recovered by snow probability. The validation experiments with the cloud assumption indicate that STCPI can remove clouds completely and achieve an overall accuracy of 97.44% under different cloud fractions. The generated daily cloud-free MODIS SCE products have a high agreement with the Landsat–8 OLI image, for which the overall accuracy is 90.34%. The snow cover variation in northern Xinjiang, China, from 2001 to 2018 was investigated based on the snow cover area (SCA) and snow cover days (SCD). The results show that the interannual change of SCA gradually decreases as the elevation increases, and the SCD and elevation have a positive correlation. Furthermore, the interannual SCD variation shows that the area of increase is higher than that of decrease during the 18 years.

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Section: Interannual Variability Of Snow Coversupporting

confidence: 91%

A Conditional Probability Interpolation Method Based on a Space-Time Cube for MODIS Snow Cover Products Gap Filling

et al. 2020

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“…Snow melt is an important recharge source for the TS rivers [83], which means that the variability of snow phenology significantly impacted the local runoff regimes. The Kaidu River is a typical snowmelt runoff river in the TS [48,84], where spring runoff from the Bayanbulak and Dashankou stations increased by 36.5% and 11.21%, respectively, and the runoff peak advanced between the 1980s and 2000s (Figure 7a,b). Although D d and SD max showed downward trends in the Kaidu River, the increased P m and advanced D e caused runoff changes.…”

Section: Potential Impact Of Snow Phenology Changes On Water Resourcesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in Snow Phenology from 1979 to 2016 over the Tianshan Mountains, Central Asia

Yang

Ahmad

et al. 2019

Remote Sensing

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Snowmelt from the Tianshan Mountains (TS) is a major contributor to the water resources of the Central Asian region. Thus, changes in snow phenology over the TS have significant implications for regional water supplies and ecosystem services. However, the characteristics of changes in snow phenology and their influences on the climate are poorly understood throughout the entire TS due to the lack of in situ observations, limitations of optical remote sensing due to clouds, and decentralized political landscapes. Using passive microwave remote sensing snow data from 1979 to 2016 across the TS, this study investigates the spatiotemporal variations of snow phenology and their attributes and implications. The results show that the mean snow onset day (Do), snow end day (De), snow cover duration days (Dd), and maximum snow depth (SDmax) from 1979 to 2016 were the 78.2nd day of hydrological year (DOY), 222.4th DOY, 146.2 days, and 16.1 cm over the TS, respectively. Dd exhibited a spatial distribution of days with a temperature of <0 °C derived from meteorological station observations. Anomalies of snow phenology displayed the regional diversities over the TS, with shortened Dd in high-altitude regions and the Fergana Valley but increased Dd in the Ili Valley and upper reaches of the Chu and Aksu Rivers. Increased SDmax was exhibited in the central part of the TS, and decreased SDmax was observed in the western and eastern parts of the TS. Changes in Dd were dominated by earlier De, which was caused by increased melt-season temperatures (Tm). Earlier De with increased accumulation of seasonal precipitation (Pa) influenced the hydrological processes in the snowmelt recharge basin, increasing runoff and earlier peak runoff in the spring, which intensified the regional water crisis.

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“…For glaciers in high mountain Asia, the contribution of sublimation or refreezing to the temporal variability in glacier mass balance is very limited, compared to those caused by changes in the snowfall and melting (e.g. Huintjes and others, 2015; Li and others, 2018). Thus, the observed glacier mass loss on the Karlik Range during 1972–2015 may be associated with regional air temperature and precipitation changes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A doubling of glacier mass loss in the Karlik Range, easternmost Tien Shan, between the periods 1972–2000 and 2000–2015

et al. 2020

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Despite a number of studies reporting glacier extent changes and their response to climate change over the eastern Tien Shan, glacier mass-balance changes over multiple decades are still not well reconstructed. Here, glacier mass budgets on the Karlik Range, easternmost Tien Shan during the time spans of 1972–2000 and 2000–2015 are quantified using digital elevation models reconstructed from topographic maps, SRTM X-band radar data and ASTER images. The results exhibit significant glacier mass loss in the Karlik Range for the two time spans, with a mean mass loss of −0.19 ± 0.08 m w.e. a−1 for the 1972–2000 period and −0.45 ± 0.17 m w.e. a−1 for the 2000–2015 period. The doubling of mass loss over the latter period suggests an acceleration of glacier mass loss in the early 21st century. The accelerated mass loss is associated with regional warming whereas the decline in annual precipitation is not significant.

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Spatiotemporal Variation of Snowfall to Precipitation Ratio and Its Implication on Water Resources by a Regional Climate Model over Xinjiang, China

Cited by 16 publications

References 58 publications

A Conditional Probability Interpolation Method Based on a Space-Time Cube for MODIS Snow Cover Products Gap Filling

A Conditional Probability Interpolation Method Based on a Space-Time Cube for MODIS Snow Cover Products Gap Filling

Changes in Snow Phenology from 1979 to 2016 over the Tianshan Mountains, Central Asia

A doubling of glacier mass loss in the Karlik Range, easternmost Tien Shan, between the periods 1972–2000 and 2000–2015

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