Spatiotemporal Variations of Water Eutrophication and Non-Point Source Pollution Prevention and Control in the Main Stream of the Yellow River in Henan Province from 2012 to 2021

Abstract

Protecting the water quality of the Yellow River is of great significance to the ecological protection of the Yellow River Basin. The identification of spatiotemporal variations of the water environment and the implementation of measures to control non-point source (NPS) pollution are both key to improving the water quality. Between 2012 and 2021, we conducted assessments of eight indicators, including water temperature, dissolved oxygen (DO) and pH, chemical oxygen demand (CODMn), five-day biological oxygen demand (BOD5), total phosphorus (TP), NO3-N, and NH3-N at six sites in the main stream of the Yellow River in Henan. We explored the causes of changes in water eutrophication using multivariate statistical analysis and formulated recommendations to improve NPS pollution through adjustments in land use patterns. The results showed that temporal water eutrophication markedly decreased and it was most spatially severe in the east. The most effective control of water eutrophication was observed between 2016 and 2018. As the transition from the flood season to the non-flood season took place, the main source of NPS pollution changed from being primarily influenced by precipitation, to being predominantly attributed to agricultural runoff. We recommend addressing the increased soil erosion in the west and controlling the discharge of agricultural effluent in the east. During the flood season, the ecological interception zones can effectively intercept NPS pollution outputs. These findings offer valuable insights for future scientific management strategies to prevent and control NPS pollution in the river.

Research on the Analysis of and Countermeasures for the Eutrophication of Water Bodies: Waihu Reservoir as a Case Study

“…BOD 5 is commonly used to measure the amount of organic matter in water that can be broken down by microorganisms. An elevated BOD 5 value indicates a large amount of organic pollutants, and the biological decomposition of these substances consumes a significant amount of dissolved oxygen, leading to a decrease in DO in water and affecting the survival of other oxygen-dependent aquatic organisms [51][52][53]. In eutrophic bodies of water, DO is rapidly depleted due to the decomposition of a large number of dead algae, which can lead to hypoxia or anaerobic conditions that affect the biodiversity and ecological health of the body of water.…”

“…organisms [51][52][53]. In eutrophic bodies of water, DO is rapidly depleted du decomposition of a large number of dead algae, which can lead to hypoxia or an conditions that affect the biodiversity and ecological health of the body of water uses potassium permanganate as an oxidant to measure the amount of organic ma can be oxidized under acidic conditions [51,53]. It mainly reflects the amount o oxidized organic matter in the water.…”

Study on the Spatial–Temporal Variations and Driving Factors of Water Yield in the Yiluo River Basin

“…This service is a crucial index for assessing the quality of the basin ecosystem. In addition, it is vital for industries, agriculture, fisheries, human consumption, and recreational activities [5][6][7][8]. The spatial allocation of WY services intricately links with the sustenance of human life and the fostering of sustainable societal and economic development, as well as the safeguarding of the environment [5].…”