Speaker and Observer Perceptions of Physical Tension during Stuttering

Tichenor, Seth E; Leslie, Paula; Shaiman, Susan; Yaruss, J. Scott

doi:10.1159/000486032

Cited by 19 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…It is important to note that such therapy must be individualized to each speaker's needs. For example, people who stutter show wide variations in both the location and the degree of physical tension they experience in their body when stuttering (Tichenor et al, 2017), so clinicians should not assume that a particular instruction for reducing tension would apply to all speakers. Mindfulness techniques help ensure that treatment is appropriately individualized for each unique speaker's experience of physical tension.…”

Section: Mindfulnessmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Behavioral reactions, which occur as a speaker attempts to regain control or maintain outwardly fluent speech, can take the form of commonly identified stuttering behaviors, such as repetitions, prolongations, and blocks (Perkins, 1990; Tichenor & Yaruss, 2018, 2019b). In particular, physical tension has been long described a common behavioral reaction (Snidecor, 1955; Tichenor et al, 2017). Behavioral reactions can also be seen in other ways.…”

Section: Understanding the Stuttering Conditionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Experiencing societal judgments about stuttering can lead to personal reactions such as self-stigma, or the feeling that a person does not meet societal expectations (e.g., fluency) due to their own failings or limitations (Boyle, 2018). Feeling external speaking pressure may also cause a person to increase their physical tension when speaking, and this, in turn, can increase observable stuttering severity and overall difficulty with communicating (Tichenor et al, 2017; Tichenor & Yaruss, 2018). Thus, the environmental context has a significant effect on a person's overall experience of stuttering.…”

Section: Understanding the Stuttering Conditionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although such classifications are widely used, numerous authors have highlighted various challenges with listener-based assessment of stuttering in both research and clinical contexts. These include the variability of the observable behavior (Constantino et al, 2016; Tichenor & Yaruss, 2020b), as well as poor reliability and questionable validity of listener judgments (see the studies by Brundage et al, 2006; Cordes & Ingham, 1994, 1999; Hall et al, 1987; Kully & Boberg, 1988; Martin & Haroldson, 1992; Tichenor et al, 2017). These concerns raise the possibility that the underlying assumption—that the moment of stuttering can be accurately defined on the basis of what a listener sees or hears—may not be valid.…”

Section: Understanding the Moment Of Stuttering Itselfmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Understanding the Speaker's Experience of Stuttering Can Improve Stuttering Therapy

Tichenor

Herring

Yaruss

2022

Topics in Language Disorders

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This article highlights the value for speech-language pathologists of considering the overall stuttering condition-including speakers' experiences during and around moments of stuttering-in treatment with individuals who stutter. We first highlight a framework for conceptualizing the entirety of the stuttering condition. We then present recent research and clinical perspectives about stuttering to support the claim that speech-language pathologists who account for individual differences in how their clients experience stuttering are better positioned to treat stuttering more effectively. Ultimately, this will yield better treatment outcomes and help clinicians achieve greater gains in quality of life for their clients who stutter.

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Section: Mindfulnessmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Understanding the Stuttering Conditionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Understanding the Stuttering Conditionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Understanding the Moment Of Stuttering Itselfmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Understanding the Speaker's Experience of Stuttering Can Improve Stuttering Therapy

Tichenor

Herring

Yaruss

2022

Topics in Language Disorders

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“…Stuttering is characterized by an abnormally high number of disuencies, abnormally long disuencies, and physical tension that is often evident during speech [8]. Some signs of stuttering are [9]: repetitions of whole words (e.g., We, we, we went) repetitions of parts of words (e.g., Be-be-because) prolongation or stretching of sounds (e.g., Ssssssee) silent blocks (getting stuck on a word or tense hesitations)…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Learning and Detecting Stuttering Disorders

Fassetti

Fassetti²,

Nisticò

2019

IFIP Advances in Information and Communication Technology

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Stuttering is a widespread speech disorder involving about the 5% of the population and the 2.5% of children under the age of 5. Much work in literature studies causes, mechanisms and epidemiology and much work is devoted to illustrate treatments, prognosis and how to diagnose stutter. Relevantly, a stuttering evaluation requires the skills of a multi-dimensional team. An expert speech-language therapist conduct a precise evaluation with a series of tests, observations, and interviews. During an evaluation, a speech language therapist perceive, record and transcribe the number and types of speech disuencies that a person produces in dierent situations. Stuttering is very variable in the number of repeated syllables/words and in the secondary aspects that alter the clinical picture. This work wants to help in the dicult task of evaluating the stuttering and recognize the occurrencies of disuency episodes like repetitions and prolongations of sounds, syllables, words or phrases silent pauses, hesitations or blocks before speech. In particular, we propose a deep-learning based approach able at automatically detecting diuent production point in the speech helping in early classication of the problems providing the number of disuencies and time intervals where the disuencies occur. A deep learner is built to preliminarly valuate audio fragments. However, the scenario at hand contains some peculiarities making the detection challenging. Indeed, (i) fragments too short lead to uneective classication since a too short audio fragment is not able to capture the stuttering episode; and (ii) fragments too long lead to uneective classication since stuttering episode can have a very small duration and, then, the much uent speaking contained in the fragment masks the disuence. So, we design an ad-hoc segment classier that, exploiting the output of a deep learner working with non too short fragments, classies each small segment composing an audio fragment by estimating the probability of containing a disuence.

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Stuttering

Yaruss

Nasir

2019

Encyclopedia of Life Sciences

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Stuttering is a communication disorder that involves disruptions in a person's ability to produce speech fluently. In many cases, stuttering results in adverse impact on the person's communication and overall quality of life. The most common type of stuttering, childhood‐onset fluency disorder, typically starts during the preschool years. It is a genetically influenced condition associated with differences in neurological structure and function. It is believed to be due to a complex interaction involving several key aspects of a child's development. Many children go through a period of stuttering when they are very young, but the majority recover, even without intervention. Early intervention can increase the rate of recovery in young children. Individuals who do not recover in early childhood are likely to continue stuttering throughout their lives, though speech therapy and support experiences can help people enhance their fluency and reduce the adverse impact of the disorder. Key Concepts Stuttering is a communication disorder that involves both disruptions in speech fluency and adverse impact on quality of life. Stuttering is associated with neurological differences; stuttering is not just a habit or behaviour that one learns. Stuttering behaviours are highly variable across situations and over time. Early intervention can help to hasten recovery in young children. There is no known cure for stuttering in school‐age children, adolescents and adults, though treatment and support experiences can help speakers improve their speech fluency and reduce the adverse impact of the disorder. Speech‐language pathologists should address more than just observable speech behaviours in treatment with individuals who stutter.

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Speaker and Observer Perceptions of Physical Tension during Stuttering

Cited by 19 publications

References 25 publications

Understanding the Speaker's Experience of Stuttering Can Improve Stuttering Therapy

Understanding the Speaker's Experience of Stuttering Can Improve Stuttering Therapy

Learning and Detecting Stuttering Disorders

Stuttering

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