Speaking rate of adventitiously deaf male cochlear implant candidates

Leder, Steven B.; Spitzer, J.; Kirchner, J. Cameron; Flevaris-Phillips, Carole; Milner, Paul; Richardson, Frederick

doi:10.1121/1.395283

Cited by 27 publications

(13 citation statements)

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“…One of the most distinctive characteristics of deaf speech is its reduced rate of articulation. Reduced speaking rates have been found in deaf individuals prior to the availability of cochlear implants (Nickerson, 1975), as well as in cochlear implant users (Leder et al, 1987). These results suggest that overt speaking rate and subvocal verbal rehearsal speed could be responsible for the shorter immediate memory spans observed in deaf children with cochlear implants.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 84%

Speech timing and working memory in profoundly deaf children after cochlear implantation

Burkholder

Pisoni

2003

Journal of Experimental Child Psychology

158

125

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Thirty-seven profoundly deaf children between 8-and 9-years-old with cochlear implants and a comparison group of normal-hearing children were studied to measure speaking rates, digit spans, and speech timing during digit span recall. The deaf children displayed longer sentence durations and pauses during recall and shorter digit spans compared to the normal-hearing children. Articulation rates, measured from sentence durations, were strongly correlated with immediate memory span in both normal-hearing and deaf children, indicating that both slower subvocal rehearsal and scanning processes may be factors that contribute to the deaf children's shorter digit spans. These findings demonstrate that subvocal verbal rehearsal speed and memory scanning processes are not only dependent on chronological age as suggested in earlier research by Cowan and colleagues (1998). Instead, in this clinical population the absence of early auditory experience and phonological processing activities before implantation appears to produce measurable effects on the working memory processes that rely on verbal rehearsal and serial scanning of phonological information in short-term memory.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 84%

Speech timing and working memory in profoundly deaf children after cochlear implantation

Burkholder

Pisoni

2003

Journal of Experimental Child Psychology

158

125

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“…Also shown ͑row 7͒ are studies of the intelligibility of speech produced under these conditions. Picheny et al, 1986Bond et al, 1989Lane et al, 1995͑CI, NF2͒ Clark et al, 1987Leder et al, 1987bDreher and O'Neil, 1958Leder and Spitzer, 1990Hanley and Steer, 1949Perkell et al, 1992͑CI͒ Lane et al, 1970Svirsky et al, 1992͑CI͒ Tartter et al, 1993Van Summers et al, 1988Webster and Klumpp, 1962͑2͒ F0 Picheny et al, 1986Bond et al, 1989Binnie et al, 1982Schulman, 1989Clark et al, 1987Lane et al, 1995͑CI, NF2͒ Van Summers et al, 1988Leder and Spitzer, 1993Leder et al, 1987Oster, 1987Perkell et al, 1992͑CI͒ Plant, 1984Svirsky et al, 1992 ͑3͒ Duration ͑word or segment͒ Cutler and Butterfield, 1990Clark et al, 1987Binnie et al, 1982Lindblom, 1990Dreher and O'Neil, 1958Lane and Webster, 1991Moon and Lindblom, 1989Hanley and Steer, 1949Leder et al, 1987aPicheny et al, 1986Tartter et al, 1993Leder and Spitzer, 1990Schulman, 1989Van Summers et al, 1988Perkell et al, 1992…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in sound pressure and fundamental frequency contours following changes in hearing status

Lane

Wozniak

Matthies

et al. 1997

The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America

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Sound-pressure level ͑SPL͒ and fundamental frequency (F0) contours were obtained from four postlingually deafened adults who received cochlear implants and from a subject with Neurofibromatosis-2 ͑NF2͒ who had her hearing severely reduced following surgery to remove an auditory-nerve tumor and to implant an auditory brainstem implant. SPL and F0 contours for each phrase in passages read before and after changes in hearing were averaged over repeated readings and then normalized with respect to the highest SPL or F0 value in the contour. The regularity of each average contour was measured by calculating differences between successive syllable means and averaging the absolute values of these differences. With auditory feedback made available, the cochlear implant user with the least contour variation preimplant showed no change but all of the remaining speakers produced less variable F0 contours and three also produced less variable SPL contours. In complementary fashion, when the NF2 speaker had her auditory feedback severely reduced, she produced more variable F0 and SPL contours. The results are interpreted as supporting a dual-process theory of the role of auditory feedback in speech production, according to which one role of self-hearing is to monitor transmission conditions, leading the speaker to make changes in speech postures aimed at maintaining intelligibility.

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“…Likewise, sequential organization of speech can be disrupted such that syllables are inappropriately dropped, repeated, or substituted one for another. Moreover, the temporal pattern of speech may be further altered by speeding up or slowing down, by an increase in the duration of pauses between syllables and by inappropriate voicing during normally silent periods (Penn, 1955;Kirk and Edgerton, 1983;Leder et al, 1987b;Lane and Webster, 1991;Cowie and Douglas-Cowie, 1992). …”

Section: The Nature Of Deafening-induced Changes To Songmentioning

confidence: 99%

Postlearning Consolidation of Birdsong: Stabilizing Effects of Age and Anterior Forebrain Lesions

2001

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Birdsong is a learned, sequenced motor skill. For the zebra finch, learned song normally remains unchanging beyond early adulthood. However, stable adult song will gradually deteriorate after deafening (Nordeen and Nordeen, 1992), indicating an ongoing influence of auditory feedback on learned song. This plasticity of adult song in response to deafening gradually declines with age (Lombardino and Nottebohm, 2000), suggesting that, after song learning, there continue to be changes in the brain that progressively stabilize the song motor program. A qualitatively similar stabilization of learned song can be precipitated artificially by lesions of a basal ganglia circuit in the songbird anterior forebrain (Brainard and Doupe, 2000), raising the question of whether and how these two forms of song stabilization are related. We investigated this issue by characterizing the deterioration of song that occurs after deafening in young adult birds and the degree to which that deterioration is reduced by age or by lesions of the anterior forebrain that were directed at the lateral portion of the magnocellular nucleus of the anterior neostriatum (LMAN). In most respects, LMAN lesions stabilized song to a significantly greater extent than did aging; whereas old-deafened birds eventually exhibited significant deterioration of song, lesioned-deafened birds generally did not differ from controls. The one exception was for song tempo, which was significantly stabilized by age, but not by LMAN lesions. The results indicate that LMAN lesions do not simply mimic a normal aging process, and likewise suggest that the anterior forebrain pathway continues to play a role even in the residual song plasticity that is observed after the agedependent stabilization of song.

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Speaking rate of adventitiously deaf male cochlear implant candidates

Cited by 27 publications

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Speech timing and working memory in profoundly deaf children after cochlear implantation

Speech timing and working memory in profoundly deaf children after cochlear implantation

Changes in sound pressure and fundamental frequency contours following changes in hearing status

Postlearning Consolidation of Birdsong: Stabilizing Effects of Age and Anterior Forebrain Lesions

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