Special Education

Abstract

Special education involves creating an individualized education program that is specifically designed to meet the unique needs of a student with an identified eligible disability. The special education program may include instructional interventions, social–emotional interventions, vocational or functional training, and supports or related services. Core principles of special education are outlined in the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act, which forms the legal basis for special education in the United States. Researchers have identified a number of interventions that are especially effective with students with disabilities, and experts recommend that these high‐leverage practices form the foundation for special education teacher preparation and classroom programs. Additional practices such as tiered supports, universal design for learning, and differentiated instruction support all learners, but are especially beneficial for those receiving special education services.