Special features of γδ T cells in ruminants

Baldwin, Cynthia L.; Damani‐Yokota, Payal; Yirsaw, Alehgne; Loonie, Kathleen; Teixeira, Aline F.; Gillespie, Alexandria

doi:10.1016/j.molimm.2021.02.028

Cited by 32 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 116 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…In cattle, γδ T cells comprise two subsets that can be subdivided based on cell-surface phenotype ( 80 ): WC1 pos cells that are CD8 neg and CD2 neg and WC1 neg cells that express CD8 αβ heterodimer and CD2 ( 81 ). These two subsets tend to have tissue-specific functions, consistent with a role in inflammation for WC1 pos cells and a role of sentinel mucosal cells for WC1 neg γδ T cells ( 82 – 84 ). Accordingly, few WC1 pos γδ T cells were found in milk and dry secretions ( 73 , 76 , 79 ).…”

Section: The Mammary Gland As An Immune Effector Site Of Adaptive Cel...mentioning

confidence: 75%

Adaptive Cell-Mediated Immunity in the Mammary Gland of Dairy Ruminants

2022

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Mastitis is one of the greatest issues for the global dairy industry and controlling these infections by vaccination is a long-sought ambition that has remained unfulfilled so far. In fact, gaps in knowledge of cell-mediated immunity in the mammary gland (MG) have hampered progress in the rational design of immunization strategies targeting this organ, as current mastitis vaccines are unable to elicit a strong protective immunity. The objectives of this article are, from a comprehensive and critical review of available literature, to identify what characterizes adaptive immunity in the MG of ruminants, and to derive from this analysis research directions for the design of an optimal vaccination strategy. A peculiarity of the MG of ruminants is that it does not belong to the common mucosal immune system that links the gut immune system to the MG of rodents, swine or humans. Indeed, the MG of ruminants is not seeded by lymphocytes educated in mucosal epithelia of the digestive or respiratory tracts, because the mammary tissue does not express the vascular addressins and chemokines that would allow the homing of memory T cells. However, it is possible to elicit an adaptive immune response in the MG of ruminants by local immunization because the mammary tissue is provided with antigen-presenting cells and is linked to systemic mechanisms. The optimal immune response is obtained by luminal exposure to antigens in a non-lactating MG. The mammary gland can be sensitized to antigens so that a local recall elicits neutrophilic inflammation and enhanced defenses locally, resulting from the activation of resident memory lymphocytes producing IFN-γ and/or IL-17 in the mammary tissue. The rational exploitation of this immunity by vaccination will need a better understanding of MG cell-mediated immunity. The phenotypic and functional characterization of mammary antigen-presenting cells and memory T cells are amongst research priorities. Based on current knowledge, rekindling research on the immune cells that populate the healthy, infected, or immunized MG appears to be a most promising approach to designing efficacious mastitis vaccines.

show abstract

Section: The Mammary Gland As An Immune Effector Site Of Adaptive Cel...mentioning

confidence: 75%

Adaptive Cell-Mediated Immunity in the Mammary Gland of Dairy Ruminants

2022

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Significance is indicated as *p≤ 0.05 **p ≤ 0.01. 3 H-thymidine results are shown as mean and standard error of the mean.…”

Section: Statistical Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…gd T cells in many mammals exclusively express cell surface molecules known as T19 or WC1 (1)(2)(3) that are part of the Group B scavenger receptor cysteine rich (SRCR) superfamily. They are coded for by multigenic arrays that are largely conserved throughout evolution (4)(5)(6).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gamma Delta TCR and the WC1 Co-Receptor Interactions in Response to Leptospira Using Imaging Flow Cytometry and STORM

et al. 2021

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The WC1 cell surface family of molecules function as hybrid gamma delta (γδ) TCR co-receptors, augmenting cellular responses when cross-linked with the TCR, and as pattern recognition receptors, binding pathogens. It is known that following activation, key tyrosines are phosphorylated in the intracytoplasmic domains of WC1 molecules and that the cells fail to respond when WC1 is knocked down or, as shown here, when physically separated from the TCR. Based on these results we hypothesized that the colocalization of WC1 and TCR will occur following cellular activation thereby allowing signaling to ensue. We evaluated the spatio-temporal dynamics of their interaction using imaging flow cytometry and stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy. We found that in quiescent γδ T cells both WC1 and TCR existed in separate and spatially stable protein domains (protein islands) but after activation using Leptospira, our model system, that they concatenated. The association between WC1 and TCR was close enough for fluorescence resonance energy transfer. Prior to concatenating with the WC1 co-receptor, γδ T cells had clustering of TCR-CD3 complexes and exclusion of CD45. γδ T cells may individually express more than one variant of the WC1 family of molecules and we found that individual WC1 variants are clustered in separate protein islands in quiescent cells. However, the islands containing different variants merged following cell activation and before merging with the TCR islands. While WC1 was previously shown to bind Leptospira in solution, here we showed that Leptospira bound WC1 proteins on the surface of γδ T cells and that this could be blocked by anti-WC1 antibodies. In conclusion, γδ TCR, WC1 and Leptospira interact directly on the γδ T cell surface, further supporting the role of WC1 in γδ T cell pathogen recognition and cellular activation.

show abstract

“…Robust T cell responses are critical in the response to pathogen infection both for clearance and the formation of strong and broad memory responses (1). Cattle, like several other species, have a much higher proportion of γδ T cells compared to CD4 and CD8 (2)(3)(4). Consequently, it is important to study the entire T cell compartment simultaneously to fully characterise how immune protection arises and persists.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1). Like in swine and chickens, γδ T cells constitute a major T cell subset in cattle blood and can comprise more than 50% of circulating T cells (3,9). To identify activated T cells, CD25 (mAb clone IL-A111) can be used (8,(10)(11)(12), whereas the memory state of the cells can be defined using the CD45RO (mAb clone IL-A116) and CD62L (mAb clone CC32) cell surface markers (6,8,13-15) (Fig.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimized Multicolour Immunofluorescence Panel for Cattle T Cell Phenotyping by an 8-Colour, 10-Parameter Panel

Roos

Mwangi

Gerner

et al. 2022

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This multiplex staining panel was developed to differentiate cattle T cells into conventional (CD4 and CD8) and unconventional (γδ-TCR) subsets as well as their stage of differentiation and activation. The combination of CD45RO and CD62L allows the identification of naïve (TNaïve), central memory (TCM), effector memory (TEM) and terminal effector (TTE) T cells. Activated cattle T cells (TAV) can be identified by the cell surface expression of CD25. This panel was developed using cryopreserved cattle peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and tested on fresh as well as stimulated PBMCs. Therefore, this 8-colour, 10-parameter flow cytometry panel simultaneously identifies cattle TNaïve, TAV, TCM, TEM, TTE and γδ-TCR cells. This panel will improve our ability to examine T cell response to pathogens and vaccines in cattle including the potential to identify previously undescribed subpopulations. Furthermore, this panel can be readily optimised for other bovid species as many of these reagents are likely to cross react.

show abstract

Special features of γδ T cells in ruminants

Cited by 32 publications

References 116 publications

Adaptive Cell-Mediated Immunity in the Mammary Gland of Dairy Ruminants

Adaptive Cell-Mediated Immunity in the Mammary Gland of Dairy Ruminants

Gamma Delta TCR and the WC1 Co-Receptor Interactions in Response to Leptospira Using Imaging Flow Cytometry and STORM

Optimized Multicolour Immunofluorescence Panel for Cattle T Cell Phenotyping by an 8-Colour, 10-Parameter Panel

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About