Special grade of graphite in NAO friction materials for possible replacement of copper

Aranganathan, N.; Bijwe, Jayashree

doi:10.1016/j.wear.2014.12.037

Cited by 63 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Panda et al [12] proposed a heat-treated graphite, which achieved better lubrication within a certain pressure range. Aranganathan and Bijwe [7,13] investigated the tribological behavior of graphite composites with high thermal conductivity and found these showed a lower rate of wear. These results indicate that thermo-graphite offers improved lubricity and wear resistance to friction.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative tribological behavior of friction composites containing natural graphite and expanded graphite

Jin

Zhou

et al. 2019

Friction

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In this study, expanded graphite and natural graphite were introduced into resin-based friction materials, and the tribological behavior of the composites was investigated. The tribo-performance of the two friction composites was evaluated using a constant speed friction tester. The results showed that the expanded graphite composite (EGC) displayed better lubricity in both the fading and the recovery processes. The wear rate of the EGC decreased by 22.43% more than that of the natural graphite composite (NGC). In the fading process, and the EGC enhanced the stability of the coefficient of friction. The recovery maintenance rate of the NGC was 4.66% higher than that of the EGC. It can be concluded that expanded graphite plays an important role in the formation of a stable contact plateau and can effectively reduce the wear.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative tribological behavior of friction composites containing natural graphite and expanded graphite

Jin

Zhou

et al. 2019

Friction

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“…It was demonstrated that the interactions between graphite and water or hydrogen vapor greatly influenced its tribological properties [53,54], and low friction was due to the passivation of dangling bonds by reactive gases [54] or nanocrystallite size [47]. The abrasive wear for graphite is the formation of unstable and incomplete transfer film [53] [55]. Albeit, at high loading range, wear debris were unchanged and friction coefficient increased significantly, which was explained by transformation of 3D graphite into a 2D turbostratic phase [56].Graphene used as filler in polymer composite improved frictional and wear behavior of PTFE [57], polyurethane/epoxy [58], phenol formaldehyde [59], UHMWPE [60] due to the formation of chemical bonds between graphene oxide nanosheet and polymer matrix.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Friction and Wear Behaviour of Polyester Nanocomposites with Graphene Oxide and Graphite Investigated Through Block-on-ring Test

Bastiurea¹,

Dima²,

Hadăr³

et al. 2018

Rev. Chim.

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A new class of polyester nanocomposites with graphene oxide and graphite has been obtained through a specific chemical method. Aiming to assess the tribological performance of this type of material, a basic experimental plan has been conceived which includes block-on-ring test, wear rate measurement, Vickers micro hardness test and scanning electron microscopy. Accordingly, the influence of graphene oxide and graphite on coefficient of friction and friction stability were investigated through wear test of nanocomposite blocks against steel rings. At the same time, specific wear rate was inferred in order to examine the mass loss which is strongly dependent on surface micro hardness. After wear test, SEM analysis allowed identification of the transfer film between nanocomposite surface and steel counterpart, and the occurrence of the third body. A careful examination of the friction coefficient recordings has highlighted the effect of the contact condition during the dry sliding test.

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“…Graphite with another "soft metal" is the most common combination, and has been shown as responsible for producing smooth sliding behaviour [12,16] . The lubricity of graphite, what Savage (1948) [38] described as the "slipperiness", depends on whether the graphite is natural or synthetic [39] , adsorbed moisture [38] , crystallinity, particle size [40] .…”

Section: Graphite In Brake Padsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thermo-graphite consists of graphite with higher thermal conductivity. They observed the ideal addition amount of thermo-graphite was around 10% [12] . In another study, Aranganathan and Bijwe compared the properties of natural and thermo graphites for braking application.…”

Section: Effect Of Copper Additionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recent efforts on developing Cu-free brake pads favour the improvement of existing fillers and fibres over the addition of a novel friction material to replace copper fibres [11] . Among the possibilities are the use of thermo-graphite [12] , conductive Rockwool fibres [11] , environmentally friendly geo-polymer and natural hemp fibres [13] , natural fibres and titanate [14] . In addition, the improvement of these fillers mixing methods is also proposed as a possible path to Cu suppression [15] .…”

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confidence: 99%

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Effect of nanoparticulate copper, zirconia and graphite: contribution to the friction coefficient and transfer layer formation in dry sliding tests with interfacial media addition.

Rodrigues¹

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Copper is present in brake pads in the form of fibres, tough its suppression from pads' formulations is already a trend compared to the suppression of asbestos in the 1980's.As a contribution to this challenging scenario, this work investigated the behaviour of mixture additions containing copper, zirconia, graphite and magnetite in dry sliding tribotests. Pin-on-disc tribotests with interfacial media addition were performed in order to contribute on the mission of understanding how Cu, graphite and ZrO2 particles act on the oxide transfer layer formation on dry sliding conditions. Thus describing some of the tribological properties that a possible replacement for copper in brake pads should mimic. Tests were performed at 23°C in air, 400°C in air and 400°C in N2.Nanoparticulate Cu, ZrO2 and micron-sized graphite were mixed in a Fe3O4 basedmatrix. The ZrO2 particles were incorporated to the mixtures by two mixing methods: manual mixing and high-energy ball milling. This study sought to explain the coefficient of friction (CoF) behaviour of these additions individually, as well as together, by correlating the CoF with comprehensive characterization of the oxide transfer layer. The transfer layer was characterized by means of scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Focused Ion Beam (FIB) and Transmission electron microscopy. Graphite containing mixtures displayed low average CoF values (0.23 to 0.31) due to selective transfer of graphite films to the first bodies' tribosurfaces. Copper formed agglomerates and patches within the oxide transfer layer that were responsible for raising the CoF values at 23°C and acted as soft copper films at 400°C. The nanoparticulate addition of ZrO2 in the manual mixtures prevented the formation of Cu patches and larger agglomerates, promoting the formation of a smooth and compact oxide tribolayer, though graphite's selective transfer was still observed.

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Special grade of graphite in NAO friction materials for possible replacement of copper

Cited by 63 publications

References 10 publications

Comparative tribological behavior of friction composites containing natural graphite and expanded graphite

Comparative tribological behavior of friction composites containing natural graphite and expanded graphite

Friction and Wear Behaviour of Polyester Nanocomposites with Graphene Oxide and Graphite Investigated Through Block-on-ring Test

Effect of nanoparticulate copper, zirconia and graphite: contribution to the friction coefficient and transfer layer formation in dry sliding tests with interfacial media addition.

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