“…In recent years, with the continuous development of the Internet of Things technology, the Internet of Vehicles (IoV), which integrates technologies such as Internet of Things technology, cloud computing, mobile computing, and edge computing, continues to develop (Arooj et al, 2022;Cho et al, 2022;Ghafoor et al, 2020;Jain et al, 2023;Jafar & Hamad, 2023;Jayapal et al, 2023;Jung et al, 2022;Kotapati et al, 2023;Lu & Tettamanti, 2021;Praneeth et al, 2021;Rai et al, 2023;Simon et al, 2021;Tan & Loh, 2022;Vikruthi et al, 2022;. Based on vehicle wireless communication technology (Vehicle to Everything, V2X), the Internet of Vehicles computing system can connect cloud computing units, vehicle computing units and Road-side Units (RSU) and other computing units into an organic computing resource pool (Zhou et al, 2020;Qureshi et al, 2021).…”