Specialized <scp>proresolving</scp> mediators in infection and lung injury

Sandhaus, Shayna; Swick, Andrew G.

doi:10.1002/biof.1691

Cited by 22 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 111 publications

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“…Another potential mechanism that has led to interest in n-3 PUFAs as protective against viral infections, including COVID-19, is their potential as precursor molecules for the biosynthesis of endogenous specialized proresolving mediators (SPM), such as protectins and resolvins, that actively resolve inflammation and infection ( 52 ). SPM have exhibited beneficial effects against a variety of lung infections, including some caused by RNA viruses ( 53 , 54 ). Several mechanisms for SPM have been proposed, including preventing the release of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines or increasing the phagocytosis of cellular debris by macrophages ( 55 ).…”

Section: N-3 Pufamentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary Supplements and Nutraceuticals under Investigation for COVID-19 Prevention and Treatment

2021

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Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has caused global disruption and a significant loss of life. Existing treatments that can be repurposed as prophylactic and therapeutic agents may reduce the pandemic’s devastation. Emerging evidence of potential applications in other therapeutic contexts has led to the investigation of dietary supplements and nutraceuticals for COVID-19. Such products include vitamin C, vitamin D, omega 3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, probiotics, and zinc, all of which are currently under clinical investigation. In this review, we critically appraise the evidence surrounding dietary supplements and nutraceuticals for the prophylaxis and treatment of COVID-19. Overall, further study is required before evidence-based recommendations can be formulated, but nutritional status plays a significant role in patient outcomes, and these products may help alleviate deficiencies. For example, evidence indicates that vitamin D deficiency may be associated with a greater incidence of infection and severity of COVID-19, suggesting that vitamin D supplementation may hold prophylactic or therapeutic value. A growing number of scientific organizations are now considering recommending vitamin D supplementation to those at high risk of COVID-19. Because research in vitamin D and other nutraceuticals and supplements is preliminary, here we evaluate the extent to which these nutraceutical and dietary supplements hold potential in the COVID-19 crisis. IMPORTANCE Sales of dietary supplements and nutraceuticals have increased during the pandemic due to their perceived “immune-boosting” effects. However, little is known about the efficacy of these dietary supplements and nutraceuticals against the novel coronavirus (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 [SARS-CoV-2]) or the disease that it causes, CoV disease 2019 (COVID-19). This review provides a critical overview of the potential prophylactic and therapeutic value of various dietary supplements and nutraceuticals from the evidence available to date. These include vitamin C, vitamin D, and zinc, which are often perceived by the public as treating respiratory infections or supporting immune health. Consumers need to be aware of misinformation and false promises surrounding some supplements, which may be subject to limited regulation by authorities. However, considerably more research is required to determine whether dietary supplements and nutraceuticals exhibit prophylactic and therapeutic value against SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19. This review provides perspective on which nutraceuticals and supplements are involved in biological processes that are relevant to recovery from or prevention of COVID-19.

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Section: N-3 Pufamentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary Supplements and Nutraceuticals under Investigation for COVID-19 Prevention and Treatment

2021

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“…The information accumulated in recent years allows us to re-evaluate the variety of functions of lipids in various phases of inflammation. More and more evidence suggests that lipids are involved not only in the initiation of inflammation, such as prostaglandins and leukotrienes formed from arachidonic acid, but are also mediators of the highly organized phase of inflammation resolution [ 244 , 245 , 246 ]. Recently identified new families of mediators, called “specialized pro-resolving mediators” (SPM) play a key role in the active resolution of inflammation [ 247 , 248 , 249 , 250 ].…”

Section: Participation Of Lipids In the Resolution Of Inflammation In Copdmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Mechanisms of Lipid Metabolism Disorders in Infectious Exacerbations of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

Kotlyarov

Kotlyarova

2021

IJMS

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Exacerbations largely determine the character of the progression and prognosis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Exacerbations are connected with changes in the microbiological landscape in the bronchi due to a violation of their immune homeostasis. Many metabolic and immune processes involved in COPD progression are associated with bacterial colonization of the bronchi. The objective of this review is the analysis of the molecular mechanisms of lipid metabolism and immune response disorders in the lungs in COPD exacerbations. The complex role of lipid metabolism disorders in the pathogenesis of some infections is only beginning to be understood, however, there are already fewer and fewer doubts even now about its significance both in the pathogenesis of infectious exacerbations of COPD and in general in the progression of the disease. It is shown that the lipid rafts of the plasma membranes of cells are involved in many processes related to the detection of pathogens, signal transduction, the penetration of pathogens into the cell. Smoking disrupts the normally proceeded processes of lipid metabolism in the lungs, which is a part of the COPD pathogenesis.

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“…Another prophylactic aspect of omega-3 PUFAs concerns the production of their antiinflammatory metabolites, resolvins and protectins. The therapeutic potential of these compounds has been presented in several cases of infections, and especially in RNA viruses [60,61].…”

Section: Micronutrients: the Master Regulators Of The Immune Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

The snapshot of metabolic health in evaluating micronutrient status, the risk of infection and clinical outcome of COVID-19

Tsoukalas

Sarandi

Georgaki³

2021

Clinical Nutrition ESPEN

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COVID-19 has re-established the significance of analyzing the organism through a metabolic perspective to uncover the dynamic interconnections within the biological systems. The role of micronutrient status and metabolic health emerge as pivotal in COVID-19 pathogenesis and the immune system’s response. Metabolic disruption, proceeding from modifiable factors, has been proposed as a significant risk factor, accounting for infection susceptibility, disease severity and risk for post-COVID complications. Metabolomics, the comprehensive study and quantification of intermediates and products of metabolism, is a rapidly evolving field and a novel tool in biomarker discovery. In this article, we propose that leveraging insulin resistance biomarkers, along with biomarkers of micronutrient deficiencies, will allow for a diagnostic window and provide functional therapeutic targets. Specifically, metabolomics can be applied as: a. At-home test to assess the risk of infection and propose nutritional support, b. A screening tool for high-risk COVID-19 patients to develop serious illness during hospital admission and prioritize medical support, c(i). A tool to match nutritional support with specific nutrient requirements for mildly ill patients to reduce the risk for hospitalization, and c(ii). for critically ill patients to reduce recovery time and risk of post-COVID complications, d. At-home test to monitor metabolic health and reduce post-COVID symptomatology. Metabolic rewiring offers potential virtues towards disease prevention, dissection of high-risk patients, taking actionable therapeutic measures, as well as shielding against post-COVID syndrome.

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Specialized proresolving mediators in infection and lung injury

Cited by 22 publications

References 111 publications

Dietary Supplements and Nutraceuticals under Investigation for COVID-19 Prevention and Treatment

Dietary Supplements and Nutraceuticals under Investigation for COVID-19 Prevention and Treatment

Molecular Mechanisms of Lipid Metabolism Disorders in Infectious Exacerbations of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

The snapshot of metabolic health in evaluating micronutrient status, the risk of infection and clinical outcome of COVID-19

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