Specialty Supplements and Prostate Cancer Risk in the VITamins And Lifestyle (VITAL) Cohort

Brasky, Theodore M.; Kristal, Alan R.; Navarro, Sandi L.; Lampe, Johanna W.; Peters, Ulrike; Patterson, Ruth E.; White, Emily

doi:10.1080/01635581.2011.553022

Cited by 51 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…A third study, using data from the Vitamins And Lifestyle cohort, analyzed the association of garlic supplements on prostate cancer risk and found that garlic supplement use was not associated with a decreased risk of prostate cancer among men in western Washington state (HR = 1.00; 95% CI 0.85–1.17) (33). …”

Section: Epidemiological Studies On Allium Vegetables and Cancer Riskmentioning

confidence: 99%

Garlic and Onions: Their Cancer Prevention Properties

Nicastro

Ross

Milner

2015

Cancer Prevention Research

284

173

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The Allium genus includes garlic, onions, shallots, leeks, and chives. These vegetables are popular in cuisines worldwide and are valued for their potential medicinal properties. Epidemiological studies, while limited in their abilities to assess Allium consumption, indicate some associations of Allium vegetable consumption with decreased risk of cancer, particularly cancers of the gastrointestinal tract. Limited intervention studies have been conducted to support these associations. The majority of supportive evidence on Allium vegetables cancer preventive effects comes from mechanistic studies. These studies highlight potential mechanisms of individual sulfur-containing compounds and of various preparations and extracts of these vegetables, including decreased bioactivation of carcinogens, antimicrobial activities, and redox modification. Allium vegetables and their components have effects at each stage of carcinogenesis and affect many biological processes that modify cancer risk. This review discusses the cancer preventive effects of Allium vegetables, particularly garlic and onions, and their bioactive sulfur compounds and highlights research gaps.

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Section: Epidemiological Studies On Allium Vegetables and Cancer Riskmentioning

confidence: 99%

Garlic and Onions: Their Cancer Prevention Properties

Nicastro

Ross

Milner

2015

Cancer Prevention Research

284

173

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“…One such product, grape seed extract (GSE), has been found to be a potent antioxidant [149], with a high concentration of flavonoids, vitamin E, and proanthocyanidins. Evidence for the anti-PCA efficacy of GSE was provided in a large study with 35,239 men, the VITamins And Lifestyle (VITAL) study, where it was found that any use of grape seed supplements significantly lowered total risk of PCA [150]. In LNCaP cells, GSE treatment inhibited growth and induced cell detachment which was associated with a potent reduction in FAK levels, histone acetyltransferase activity (HAT), and AR-mediated transcription [151, 152].…”

Section: Prostate Cancer Chemopreventive Agentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The strategies to control prostate cancer by chemoprevention approaches

Ting

Deep

Agarwal

et al. 2014

Mutation Research/Fundamental and Molecular Mechanisms of Mutag

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Prostate cancer (PCA) is the most commonly diagnosed cancer in men in the United States with growing worldwide incidence. Despite intensive investment in improving early detection, PCA often escapes timely detection and mortality remains high; this malignancy being the second highest cancer-associated mortality in American men. Collectively, health care costs of PCA results in an immense financial burden that is only expected to grow. Additionally, even in cases of successful treatment, PCA is associated with long-term and pervasive effects on patients. A proactive alternative to treating PCA is to prevent its occurrence and progression prior to symptomatic malignancy. This may serve to address the issue of burgeoning healthcare costs and increasing number of sufferers. One potential regimen in service of this alternative is PCA chemoprevention. Here, chemical compounds with cancer preventive efficacy are identified on the basis of their potential in a host of categories: their historical medicinal use, correlation with reduced risk in population studies, non-toxicity, their unique chemical properties, or their role in biological systems. PCA chemopreventive agents are drawn from multiple broad classes of chemicals, themselves further subdivided based on source or potential effect, with most derived from natural products. Many such compounds have shown efficacy, varying from inhibiting deregulated PCA cell signaling, proliferation, epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT), invasion, metastasis, tumor growth and angiogenesis and inducing apoptosis. Overall, these chemopreventive agents show great promise in PCA pre-clinical models, though additional work remains to be done in effectively translating these findings into clinical use.

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“…In the VITAL study, dietary intake of GSE is inversely related to the risk of hematologic malignancies, possibly indicating a connection to its capacity to inhibit HDAC (45). Intake of GSE is also a correlate to reduced cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma and prostate cancer, while many other dietary supplements fail to show a correlation (46). While few reports exist on GSE and epigenetic targets, of those that do, they show influences on tumor suppressor microRNAs (47) global DNA methylation, DNA methyltransferase (DNMT) activity and expression, and changes in altered acetylated lysines H3 marks (48) in a similar demonstration to the results of this study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%