Speciated Hydrocarbon Emissions from the Combustion of Single Component Fuels. I. Effect of Fuel Structure

Siegl, Walter O.; McCabe, Robert W.; Wang, Chun; Kaiser, E. W.; Perry, John J.; Henig, Y. I.; Trinker, Frederick H.; Anderson, Richard W.

doi:10.1080/10473289.1992.10467041

Cited by 40 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…1 The Auto/Oil program, however, has focused exclusively on fully formulated fuels tested on both current and older vehicle fleets. In Part I of this study, 2 we reported results of an ancillary program in our laboratory characterizing the combustion products of a series of single component fuels in a pulse flame combustor (PFC). No catalyst was employed in that study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…2 The experimental techniques paralleled those employed in Part I, which focused on identification of exhaust HC species from the PFC operated on various single component fuels. In this study, similar data are reported for the PFC equipped with a catalytic reactor containing a conventional three-way automotive exhaust catalyst.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…77-100 1 Combustion at phi = 1.02; phi = 1.00 at catalyst. 2 Range of efficiencies observed for single-component fuels (MTBE excluded). 3 Excluding data for n-heptane because of very low aromatic levels.…”

Section: Experiments At Variable Phimentioning

confidence: 99%

“…2 CO, NO X , and total HC (THC) emissions were also analyzed, employing dedicated analyzers interfaced to the PFC.…”

Section: Sample Collectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Speciated Hydrocarbon Emissions from the Combustion of Single Component Fuels. II. Catalyst Effects

McCabe

Siegl

Wang

et al. 1992

Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Experiments At Variable Phimentioning

confidence: 99%

“…2 CO, NO X , and total HC (THC) emissions were also analyzed, employing dedicated analyzers interfaced to the PFC.…”

Section: Sample Collectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Speciated Hydrocarbon Emissions from the Combustion of Single Component Fuels. II. Catalyst Effects

McCabe

Siegl

Wang

et al. 1992

Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association

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“…In many cases, however, it has been observed that emission from stationery sources, for example evaporation of solvents in factories and of fuel in fuel stations, also plays a relevant role [5]. Aromatic compounds emitted from the exhaust pipe consist mainly of unburned aromatic fuel components [6]. However, in the air the content of benzene, in relation to other aromatic compounds, is significantly higher than its fuel percentage, because benzene is a partially oxidized product of other aromatic compounds [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of BTEX sources in a medium-size city by concentration statistical analysis and GIS technique

Capasso¹,

Monaco²,

Iovino³

et al. 2007

WIT Transactions on Ecology and the Environment, Vol 101

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The concentrations of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and the isomeric xylenes (BTEX) were determined in the atmosphere of S. Maria Capua Vetere city, in sixteen sites, ten times per site, during 2006. This city is of medium size, with about 32,000 inhabitants and is located in Southern Italy. Passive adsorption samplers, followed by GC/MS analyses, were used for BTEX determinations. The 24-hour average BTEX concentrations showed a marked variability from site to site. In some streets the pollutant concentrations were above the limit values required by the European Union. These streets were characterised by relatively intense traffic, but are rather narrow and have high buildings on either side. In the entire city the main pollutant source was road traffic. Moreover, analyses of the correlation coefficients among the BTEX concentrations and GIS maps highlighted the contribution of stationary sources to toluene air concentration. Their contribution has been quantified.

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Ethers

Mehlman

2024

Patty's Toxicology

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Naturally occurring ethers may be constituents of essential oils and may be extracted from these sources. Although some ethers may appear naturally, they may be prepared synthetically from other chemicals or other ethers. Symmetrical ethers are produced by the catalytic dehydration of their corresponding alcohols, for example, diethyl ether from ethanol. They are also obtained as by‐products from the formation of their corresponding esters or alcohols. Ethers may also be made by special synthesis procedures. Some ethers are obtained through the destructive distillation of selected hardwoods. Ethers have a wide variety of industrial uses. Their commercial value is recognized in the following industries: rubber, plastics, paints and coatings, refrigeration, medicine, dentistry, petroleum, chemical, perfume, cosmetics, toiletries, and food. The more volatile ethers have been used as liquid refrigerants, general anesthetics, commercial solvents, primers for gasoline engines, fuel additives, and rocket propellants. Other ethers have been used as alkylating agents in chemical syntheses of organic chemicals and in the manufacture of polymers. They are also used to denature alcohol. Halogenated ethers are used in the preparation of ion‐exchange resin, which is a modified polystyrene resin that is chloromethylated and then treated with a tertiary amine or with a polyamine. Ethers have wide use as commercial solvents and extractants for esters, gums, hydrocarbons, alkaloids, oils, resins, dyes, plastics, lacquers, and paints. They are used as dewaxing extractants for lubricating oils. Ethers have had limited use as cleaning and spotting agents. They are used as chemical intermediates in the manufacture of textile aids, such as dyes and resins. In the pharmaceutical industry, ethers are used as solvents, suspending agents, flavorings for oral drugs, and dental products. They are used to increase viscosity, as penetrants and wetting agents and as antioxidants and stabilizers. Ethers are used in foods as flavorings and in perfumes as fragrances. They are used as solvents for elastomers and for regenerating rubber. They have use as antiskinning agents in surface coatings and as weathering agents for paints and plastics. Ethers are also used in soaps. Ethers appear in heat transfer agents. Several industries use specific ethers for thickening, dispersing, suspending, binding, and film forming. The data presented here are arranged according to the chemical structure of the compounds. An effort has been made to place the chemicals within each group in an order that represents an increase in chain length. Even though the number of chemicals in any one group is limited, it is possible to make general, comparative statements. This corresponds with the acute toxicity data available in the NIOSH Registry of Toxic Effects of Chemical Substances . The oral toxicity and concentrated vapor data indicate that as the chain length increases in the symmetrical ethers, the toxicity is reduced. The inverse is true for skin penetration toxicity.

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Speciated Hydrocarbon Emissions from the Combustion of Single Component Fuels. I. Effect of Fuel Structure

Cited by 40 publications

References 23 publications

Speciated Hydrocarbon Emissions from the Combustion of Single Component Fuels. II. Catalyst Effects

Speciated Hydrocarbon Emissions from the Combustion of Single Component Fuels. II. Catalyst Effects

Characterization of BTEX sources in a medium-size city by concentration statistical analysis and GIS technique

Ethers

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