Speciation and detection of organotins from PVC pipe by micro‐liquid chromatography–electrospray–ion trap mass spectrometry

Jones-Lepp, Tammy L.; Varner, Katrina E.; Hilton, B. A.

doi:10.1002/aoc.246

Cited by 33 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Several laboratory leaching studies designed to simulate residential plumbing conditions over periods of days to weeks have measured OT concentrations (as total Sn) in waters flowing through PVC piping. ( 16–21 ) These studies suggest that several factors, such as flow rate, temperature, pH, the volume of transported water, and pipe surface area, influence the rate and extent of OT leaching. Each study reported a statistically significant rapid dissolution of the residual OT from the inner pipe surface.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Using Probabilistic Modeling to Evaluate Human Exposure to Organotin in Drinking Water Transported by Polyvinyl Chloride Pipe

Fristachi¹,

Xu²,

Rice³

et al. 2009

Risk Analysis

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The leaching of organotin (OT) heat stabilizers from polyvinyl chloride (PVC) pipes used in residential drinking water systems may affect the quality of drinking water. These OTs, principally mono- and di-substituted species of butyltins and methyltins, are a potential health concern because they belong to a broad class of compounds that may be immune, nervous, and reproductive system toxicants. In this article, we develop probability distributions of U.S. population exposures to mixtures of OTs encountered in drinking water transported by PVC pipes. We employed a family of mathematical models to estimate OT leaching rates from PVC pipe as a function of both surface area and time. We then integrated the distribution of estimated leaching rates into an exposure model that estimated the probability distribution of OT concentrations in tap waters and the resulting potential human OT exposures via tap water consumption. Our study results suggest that human OT exposures through tap water consumption are likely to be considerably lower than the World Health Organization (WHO) "safe" long-term concentration in drinking water (150 microg/L) for dibutyltin (DBT)--the most toxic of the OT considered in this article. The 90th percentile average daily dose (ADD) estimate of 0.034 +/- 2.92 x 10(-4)microg/kg day is approximately 120 times lower than the WHO-based ADD for DBT (4.2 microg/kg day).

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Using Probabilistic Modeling to Evaluate Human Exposure to Organotin in Drinking Water Transported by Polyvinyl Chloride Pipe

Fristachi¹,

Xu²,

Rice³

et al. 2009

Risk Analysis

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show abstract

“…162 Hyphenated analytical techniques use mass spectrometer as detector. 169 Micro-liquid chromatography-electrospray-ion trap mass spectrometry, μ-LC-ES-ITMS, is a suitable method for analysis of tin stabilizers leaching from water pipes. 82 TG-GC-MS was used to analyze volatile products of cable compound degradation.…”

Section: Laser Photopyroelectric Effect Spectrometrymentioning

confidence: 99%

Analytical Methods

Wypych¹

2015

PVC Degradation and Stabilization

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“…Several reports have clearly demonstrated that organotins, used as thermal and light stabilizers in PVC plastics, can leach into the water transported by these pipes (Adams et al 2011;Forsyth and Jay 1997;Fristachi et al 2009;Jones-Lepp et al 2001;Quevauviller et al 1991;Sadiki and Williams 1999;Sadiki et al 1996). Furthermore, the use of PVC and silicone food packing materials may also constitute a source of organotins in foodstuffs (Takahashi et al 1999).…”

Section: On the Way To Humansmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pollutant Diseases, Remediation and Recycling

2013

Environmental Chemistry for a Sustainable World

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Speciation and detection of organotins from PVC pipe by micro‐liquid chromatography–electrospray–ion trap mass spectrometry

Cited by 33 publications

References 22 publications

Using Probabilistic Modeling to Evaluate Human Exposure to Organotin in Drinking Water Transported by Polyvinyl Chloride Pipe

Using Probabilistic Modeling to Evaluate Human Exposure to Organotin in Drinking Water Transported by Polyvinyl Chloride Pipe

Analytical Methods

Pollutant Diseases, Remediation and Recycling

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