Speciation and geospatial analysis of disinfection byproducts in urban drinking water

Siddique, Azhar; Saied, Sumayya; Zahir, Erum; Nayyer, Z. A.; Zaigham, Nayyer Alam

doi:10.1007/s13762-013-0277-1

Cited by 7 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Spatial distribution environmental parameters are important in the Geographical information system (GIS) environment. Geographical information system (GIS) widely accepted as an efficient tool for geographical distribution (Siddique et al 2014). Applied geostatistical method has managed to reveal the HMs distribution pattern in the endemic plants grown on polluted soils (Delavar and Safari 2016).…”

Section: The Spatial Distribution Of Optimal Cropping Calendarmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial distribution and deviation from optimum temperature conditions of phenological stages of potato cultivation in West Azerbaijan

Ahmadi

Asadi²,

Moradkhani

2018

Int. J. Environ. Sci. Technol.

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The study occurrence time of the phenological stages of agricultural products based on thermal conditions is important. In this study, firstly the relationship between climatic parameters and potato yield was studied based on multivariate regression method. In the following, time of occurrence phonological stages, cropping calendar, and deviation from optimal temperature were determined based on daily temperature statistics from 1989 to 2014. Based on the thermal gradient between low and highlands, the temperature up to 3000 m was estimated. The results showed that there is a significant relationship between temperature components and potato yield. The topographic condition determined the completion time of the thermal units required for potato plant phenology phases. In the study area from the easterly areas to the rugged Western regions, the planting time of 1 month is delayed. The first and last phases of potato plants, called sprouting-leaf development and flowering-ripening, require the smallest and most effective thermal units, respectively. For the sprouting, leaf development, inflorescence emergence, and ripening were 437, 692, 540, and 1126, growth degree days, respectively, required. Estimation of air temperature based on the least-squares regression showed that for the 1000 m height, 1 month of optimum temperature of potato cultivation was delayed. In low and highlands of the region, the planting and harvesting, respectively, occurred in May-June and August-October, respectively. Matching the phonological stages of each product's growth with thermal conditions in geographical information system is effective for planning in irrigation, spraying, and other agronomic activities.

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Section: The Spatial Distribution Of Optimal Cropping Calendarmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial distribution and deviation from optimum temperature conditions of phenological stages of potato cultivation in West Azerbaijan

Ahmadi

Asadi²,

Moradkhani

2018

Int. J. Environ. Sci. Technol.

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“…Associated with high levels of FRC, one should mention the formation of trihalomethanes, compounds formed by the reaction between chlorine and organic compounds, originating cancerigenous chloroforms. Besides allergic symptoms, such as skin eruptions and intestinal symptoms, when ingested, the bacteria of lactic acid that line the colon are destroyed and the intestine is exposed to foreign pathogenic agents (Brasil, 2006;Siddique et al, 2011;Zheng et al, 2015). When they quantified the minimum legal rate of 0.2 mg.L -samples from kitchen taps and 31.25% of samples from drinking troughs from eight schools in Uberaba MG Brazil failed to comply with the accepted minimum.…”

Section: Physical and Chemical Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microbiological evaluation of drinking water available in schools in Cruz das Almas, Brazil

Andrade¹,

Barros²,

Rodrigues³

et al. 2016

Afr. J. Microbiol. Res.

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The current study assessed the drinkability of water in 25 schools in Cruz das Almas BA Brazil. Total coliforms, Escherichia coli, Enterococcus, mesophylls and psichrotrophic bacteria were evaluated, coupled with color, turbidity, free residual chlorine, dissolved oxygen and biochemical oxygen demands. Water samples were collected at four sites: the first tap within the supply network or within the alternative supply (first site), main reservoir (second site), kitchen water (third site) and drinking water troughs (fourth site). When the two assessment periods (during dry and wet seasons) were taken into account, contamination by total coliforms in approximately 65.3% of samples was detected, whilst E. coli and Enterococcus micro-organisms respectively occurred in 18.4 and 36.7% of samples. Counts of mesophyll microorganisms were greater during the dry period than during the rainy season. More than 34.7% of counts were above the legal limit. Although no apparent variation in color occurred, irregularity in turbidity and pH was detected in two schools. Inadequate rates for dissolved oxygen occurred in only two schools, during the dry period, whereas biochemical oxygen demand complied with legislation. Although, no coliform was extant in several samples, others had bacterial contamination requiring more efficacious practices for quality improvement. Results show that health risks in schools in Cruz das Almas may be solved by adequate water treatment, periodical cleaning of reservoirs and proper maintenance of taps and filters.

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“…urban drinking water quality assessment [216], management of the urban water supply network [217], energy intensity of water supply and sewage disposal services [134][135][136], location of urban energy supply plants [218], evaluation of district heating potential [219,220], groundwater Julijana Bors -School of Chemical Engineering -PhD Thesis balances, and associated energy for extraction [6]. Spatiotemporal studies have also demonstrated the importance of modelling urban interactions in a spatiotemporal context through: urban influences on GHGs [10], and urban metabolism [9,10,133].…”

Section: Integrating Wre Information Across Scales and Datasetsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Integrated modelling of residential water-related energy

Bors¹

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Around the world, urban demand for resources is increasing over time. In Australia, 90% of the population resides in cities, which are growing in both population and housing density. These factors place greater demands on water and energy, and associated greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Water use, energy use and GHGs are strongly interconnected, and thus actions to reduce water or energy consumption can have unintended consequences. Consequently, reducing water use without increasing energy use and GHGs as well as reducing energy use without increasing water use is important. One key area where this can be achieved is in the reduction of water-related energy (WRE) use. WRE consumption occurs in two distinct sectors: the water sector through water supply and sewage collection services, and the residential sector through water end uses. WRE use of both utilities and end users are interconnected through infrastructure, environment, technology, behaviour, and policies. WRE use of water supply (10%) and sewage collections services (10%) are both within the control of utilities, however, the most WRE intensive component of the residential urban water cycle is residential end use (80%), which is largely outside the control of water utilities. This thesis used a systems approach to WRE modelling, across the water utility and residential sector interface, to investigate opportunities for whole-of-system reduction in resource consumption. Firstly, this study investigated an interaction between the infrastructure and the environment through the cold water temperature (CWT) variability impact on household WRE. The spatiotemporal variability in CWT was determined using 5760 measurements from 1255 sampling locations across Yarra Valley Water, Melbourne, Australia. The monthly CWT varied across the 4000 km 2 study site from 12-28°C during summer and 9-15°C during winter. Spatial clusters of hot spots and cold spots were observed. Variation in CWT was calculated to affect annual household WRE demand by-17 to +19%. Variability in results demonstrated the difference in household WRE demand in hot spots, cold spots, and neutral zones. Monthly mean CWTs for the study site diverged from hot water system (HWS) energy consumption guidelines by-21 to +47%. The CWT variability impact on household water heating varied up to three times the energy used by the water utility for water supply and sewage disposal services in this region. Results demonstrated the importance of modelling interactions between infrastructure and the environment. Quantifying the variability of CWT increased the accuracy of predicting regional WRE demand and HWS energy consumption.

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Speciation and geospatial analysis of disinfection byproducts in urban drinking water

Cited by 7 publications

References 26 publications

Spatial distribution and deviation from optimum temperature conditions of phenological stages of potato cultivation in West Azerbaijan

Spatial distribution and deviation from optimum temperature conditions of phenological stages of potato cultivation in West Azerbaijan

Microbiological evaluation of drinking water available in schools in Cruz das Almas, Brazil

Integrated modelling of residential water-related energy

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