Speciation and phytoavailability of lead and antimony in a small arms range soil amended with mussel shell, cow bone and biochar: EXAFS spectroscopy and chemical extractions

Salisbury biochar did not affect the mobility or speciation of lead in kaolin in a short-term laboratory study

“…In a previous study, oak wood biochar was found to transfer the readily bioavailable fraction (exchangeable: step 1 in this study) of Pb 2+ to more stable residual fraction (step 5) in a sandy loam soil [32]. Likewise, wine lees biochar was found to significantly increase the residual fraction (step 5) while decrease the reducible (step 2) and oxidizable (step 4) Pb 2+ in a paddy soil [33].…”

“…Although it represents a slightly tighter bond than cation exchange, this bond is highly pH dependent [25] and it is difficult to win the competitive adsorption of Pb 2+ against kaolin at such low soil pH values (4.54-4.92). The X-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) analysis in [32] observed that 62.7% Pb 2+ was adsorbed on kaolinte 175 days after amending the contaminated soil with 5% oak wood biochar, indicating the affinity of kaolinite for Pb…”

Lead Stabilization in Soil Amended with Lime Waste: An Extended X-ray Absorption Fine Structure (EXAFS) Investigation

“…이와 함께 비산재, 고로슬 래그, 굴껍질 등의 폐석회물질을 사용하여 토양 pH를 상승 시켜 토양에 의한 중금속 흡착 및 수산화물 등으로의 침전 을 증대하여 중금속을 안정화하는 방법이 있다 (Kostarelos et al, 2006;Lee et al, 2009;Ok et al, 2011b;Zhao and Masaihiko, 2007). 최근에는 바이오차 (biochar)를 오염토 양에 처리함으로써 중금속을 안정화하고 토양질을 개선하 는 방법도 주목을 받고 있다 (Ahmad et al, 2012b;2014a;2014b;Almaroai et al, 2014;Awad et al, 2012;Mohan et al, 2014;Moon et al, 2013). (Ahmad et al, 2012a;Hashimoto et al, 2010;Ippolito et al, 2012;Moon et al, 2011).…”

“…납으로 인한 토양오염은 휴 ․ 폐광산 인근 농경지 (Lim et al, 2013b;Ok et al, 2011a), 사격장 (Ahmad et al, 2012a;2012c;2014a) (Adriano, 2001). 그러나 납과 같은 중금속은 유기오염 물질과 달리 자연적으로 분해가 되지 않아 토양 내에 지속 적으로 존재하게 된다 (Kumpiene et al, 2008;Lim et al, 2013a).…”

Effect of thermal conversion of pig manure and poultry litter on the content and mobility of Mn and Fe in biochars and in soil after their application

“…Considering the physical properties of biochar as well as considerable OM content, this material more and more often is used as a sorbent and reservoir of mineral substances (Ahmad et al, 2014a;2014b). Thermal conversion of pig manure and poultry litter may have a significant effect on changes in the content and mobility of Mn and Fe in these materials.…”