Speciation by Sensory Drive in the Paragalago zanzibaricus Species Complex

Génin, Fabien

doi:10.1007/s10764-021-00213-7

Int J Primatol

2021

DOI: 10.1007/s10764-021-00213-7

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Speciation by Sensory Drive in the Paragalago zanzibaricus Species Complex

Fabien Génin

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Cited by 5 publications

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“…Interestingly, primates with fission–fusion social organization exhibiting low territoriality show stronger responses toward calls from own group members, and do not seem to discriminate the identity of external groups or individuals ( Bergman 2010 ; Maciej et al 2013 ), either because they are not motivated or unable to do so ( Maciej et al 2013 ). Despite increasing interest in cognition and communication in Strepsirrhini primates (i.e., lemurs and lorises) ( Fichtel and Kappeler 2010 ; Kittler et al 2015 ; Norscia and Palagi 2016 ), group-level vocal discrimination has never been investigated in this clade [ Oda 2002 ; Baker-Medard et al 2013 ; but see Kessler et al (2018) and Génin (2021) for playback studies in Strepsirrhini primates]. Addressing this question in Strepsirrhini primates is essential for shedding light on the origin of communication systems in the Primate order.…”

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Evidence for acoustic discrimination in lemurs: A playback study on wild indrisIndri indri

et al. 2022

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Indris (Indri indri) are group-living lemurs which occupy stable territories over several years and perform remarkable long-distance vocal displays. Vocal exchanges between long-term territory neighbours may contribute to assessing reciprocal resource holding potentials, thus adaptively reducing the costs of territorial defence by limiting aggressive escalation. Previous work showed that indris' songs show distinctive acoustic features at individual and group level. However, the possibility that indris use such cues for individual or group-level recognition has never been investigated experimentally. We conducted a playback experiment to test whether indris discriminate between familiar and non-familiar songs. Our rationale lies in the hypothesis of the dear enemy phenomenon, which predicts that territorial animals will show reduced aggression levels towards familiar neighbours compared to novel rivals. We played back stimulus recordings to wild indris from their territory boundaries and examined their responses in terms of vocal and behavioural indicators of willingness to engage in a fight. In line with our predictions, focal animals responded more rapidly and approached more often the speaker in response to playback stimuli of non-familiar individuals than to stimuli of neighbouring groups. These results indicate that indris can discriminate between different classes of intruders based on distinctive acoustic features of their song choruses. We suggest that increased aggression directed towards unfamiliar intruders may be explained by higher threat levels associated with dispersal and group formation dynamics. We further discuss the relevance of these findings in a strepsirrhine primate model for comparative studies of vocal communication and sociality.

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Evidence for acoustic discrimination in lemurs: A playback study on wild indrisIndri indri

et al. 2022

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Assessing Ecological Divergence and Speciation Scenarios of the Paragalago zanzibaricus Species Complex Through Climatic Niche Modeling

et al. 2023

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Distribution, Population Density, and Behavior of Dwarf Galagos (Paragalago sp.) in Taita Hills, Kenya

Rosti,

Heiskanen,

Bearder

et al. 2023

Int J Primatol

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A good understanding of taxonomy, distribution, and population density is needed for conservation. Scientific knowledge of dwarf galagos (Paragalago sp.) remains limited. Two populations of Taita dwarf galagos survive in the largest remnants of moist montane forest in Taita Hills, Kenya. We obtained acoustic data on the two remaining populations using AudioMoths—small, passive recorders—more than 231 h in January and February 2021. We measured forest structure by using airborne LiDAR and ground-level observations and tested the influence of forest size and height, canopy coverage, and density on calls per hour as an indicator of population density. Forest size significantly affected population size. Taita dwarf galagos prefer dense canopy coverage, and they prefer the lower 20–30-m tall forest. Mbololo forest (185 ha) has steady population, whereas dwarf galagos are nearly extinct in Ngangao forest (120 ha). The calls of Taita dwarf galagos resemble those of Kenya coast dwarf galagos (Paragalago cocos). DNA studies are urgently needed to resolve the taxonomic status of both surviving populations of dwarf galagos in the Taita Hills. This simple study design should be conducted across African forests to obtain crucial knowledge for galago conservation.

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Speciation by Sensory Drive in the Paragalago zanzibaricus Species Complex

Cited by 5 publications

References 56 publications

Evidence for acoustic discrimination in lemurs: A playback study on wild indrisIndri indri

Evidence for acoustic discrimination in lemurs: A playback study on wild indrisIndri indri

Assessing Ecological Divergence and Speciation Scenarios of the Paragalago zanzibaricus Species Complex Through Climatic Niche Modeling

Distribution, Population Density, and Behavior of Dwarf Galagos (Paragalago sp.) in Taita Hills, Kenya

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