Speciation of ammonium-containing species in atmospheric aerosols

Possanzini, M.; Masiá, Paula; Palo, V. Di

doi:10.1016/0960-1686(92)90084-x

Cited by 25 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…5 and Table 3) showed that the measured concentration products were higher than the theoretical predictions at low temperatures (Walker et al, 2006), with the exception of two days, 3 and 5 in February, where the K mn are lower than K n . Thus, almost on all days NH 4 NO 3 would be expected to be formed at Beijing site under winter conditions, in agreement with other results (Harrison and Pio, 1983;Allen et al, 1989;Harrison and Mackenzie, 1990;Pio et al, 1992;Possanzini et al, 1992;Mehlmann and Warneck, 1995;Danalatos and Glavas, 1999;Gupta et al, 2003). This could be due to the presence of excess NH 3 even during the winter.…”

Section: Temporal Variationsupporting

confidence: 80%

“…The filter pack included a Teflon filter (Gelman Teflon, 47-mm, 1-µm pore size) for the collection of fine particles, a Nylon filter (Nylosorb Gelman, 47 mm, 1-µm pore size) and one phosphorous acid coated paper filter (Whatman 41). These last two back-up filters separately collected NO as NH 3 , which evolved from the front Teflon filter as a result of ammonium salt dissociations (NH 4 NO 3 and NH 4 Cl) (Possanzini et al, 1992;Masia et al, 1994;Perrino and Gherardi, 1999;Perrino et al, 2001;Ianniello et al, 2010). The evaporation of volatile ammonium salts from the fine particles collected on the front Teflon filter is due to fluctuations in temperature and relative humidity and/or pressure drop across this filter, which perturb the gas-particle equilibrium (Appel et al, 1984;Pathak et al, 2004Pathak et al, , 2009Pathak and Chan, 2005).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Chemical characteristics of inorganic ammonium salts in PM<sub>2.5</sub> in the atmosphere of Beijing (China)

et al. 2011

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Abstract. The atmospheric concentrations of gaseous HNO 3 , HCl and NH 3 and their relative salts have been measured during two field campaigns in the winter and in the summer of 2007 at Beijing (China), as part of CARE-BEIJING (Campaigns of Air Quality Research in Beijing and Surrounding Region). In this study, annular denuder technique used with integration times of 2 and 24h to collect inorganic and soluble PM 2.5 without interferences from gas-particle and particle-particle interactions. The results were discussed from the standpoint of temporal and diurnal variations and meteorological effects. Fine particulate Cl − , NH 4 were higher during summer (12.30 µg m −3 and 18.24 µg m −3 , respectively) than during winter (6.51 µg m −3 and 7.50 µg m −3 , respectively). Daily mean concentrations of fine particulate Cl − were higher during winter (2.94 µg m −3 ) than during summer (0.79 µg m −3 ), while fine particulate NO − 3 showed similar both in winter (8.38 µg m −3 ) and in summer (9.62 µg m −3 ) periods. The presence of large amounts of fine particulate NO − 3 even in summer are due to higher local and regional concentrations of NH 3 in the atmosphere available to neutralize H 2 SO 4 and HNO 3 , which is consistent with the observation that the measured particulate species were neutralized. The composition of fine particulate matter indicated the domination of (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 during winter and summer periods. In addition, the high relative humidity conditions in summer periodCorrespondence to: A. Ianniello (ianniello@iia.cnr.it) seemed to dissolve a significant fraction of HNO 3 and NH 3 enhancing fine particulate NO − 3 and NH + 4 in the atmosphere. All measured particulate species showed diurnal similar patterns during the winter and summer periods with higher peaks in the early morning, especially in summer, when humid and stable atmospheric conditions occurred. These diurnal variations were affected by wind direction suggesting regional and local source influences. The fine particulate species were correlated with NO x and PM 2.5 , supporting the hypothesis that traffic may be also an important source of secondary particles.

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Section: Temporal Variationsupporting

confidence: 80%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical characteristics of inorganic ammonium salts in PM<sub>2.5</sub> in the atmosphere of Beijing (China)

et al. 2011

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“…They found that anthropogenic chlorine emissions in southeast Texas had the potential to enhance PM 2.5 up to 9 mg/m 3 , but only in localized areas for brief periods, given the summertime temperatures and the mostly ammonia-poor conditions. Possanzini et al (1992) conducted field experiments in Rome, Italy, and found that ammonium chloride aerosol represented approximately onefifth of observed ammonium nitrate and one-tenth of the total ammonium species by mass. Pio and Harrison (1987b) determined ammonium chloride aerosol concentrations of up to 10 mg/m 3 in northwest England, and Yoshizumi and Okita (1983) examined aerosol filter data from 1975 collected in Riverside, CA, and determined that ammonium chloride concentrations ranged between 7.76 and 15.5 mg/m 3 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Receptor model source attributions for Utah's Salt Lake City airshed and the impacts of wintertime secondary ammonium nitrate and ammonium chloride aerosol

Kelly

Kotchenruther

Kuprov

et al. 2013

Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association

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“…In our sampling system, denuders were equipped to remove gaseous species to avoid the gas-particle reactions of aerosols on the filter, while the cyclone before the filter pack removed the coarse particles (>10 mm) to reduce the possible chloride and nitrate artifacts due to reactions on the aerosols already collected, which may occur between NaCl particles and HNO 3 produced by NH 4 NO 3 dissociation (Possanzini et al, 1992). The effects of such reactions were observed with pure salts (Sturges and Harrison, 1988).…”

Section: Speciation Of Nitrate and Chloridementioning

confidence: 99%

“…In most studies, concentrations of NH 4 NO 3 and NH 4 Cl were not directly measured but were usually estimated through the ion balance and regression analysis (He et al, 2012;Wang et al, 2005), which might not be accurate. In limited studies, thermal desorption techniques were applied to speciation of inorganic species (Perrino et al, 2012;Possanzini et al, 1992;Sturges and Harrison, 1988;Lun et al, 2003;Yoshizumi and Hoshi, 1985;Yoshizumi and Okita, 1983), despite the fact that the temperature to discriminate volatile and non-volatile species was not consistent in these studies and the artifacts associated with the complex gas-solid chemistry during the desorption process was also a concern. Possanzini et al (1992) developed a thermal desorption system to separate NH 4 NO 3 and NH 4 Cl from sulfate, and found that NH 4 NO 3 and (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 constituted the major species of particulate matter.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Speciation of the major inorganic salts in atmospheric aerosols of Beijing, China: Measurements and comparison with model

Tang

Zhang

et al. 2016

Atmospheric Environment

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h i g h l i g h t sNH 4 NO 3 , NH 4 Cl and (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 were measured in Beijing atmosphere. Sulfate, nitrate and chloride associated with crustal ions were important. ISORROPIA II was used to investigate the gas-aerosol equilibrium characteristics. Crustal species should be carefully considered to improve model prediction. In the winter and summer of 2013e2014, we used a sampling system, which consists of annular denuder, back-up filter and thermal desorption set-up, to measure the speciation of major inorganic salts in aerosols and the associated trace gases in Beijing. This sampling system can separate volatile ammonium salts (NH 4 NO 3 and NH 4 Cl) from non-volatile ammonium salts ((NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 ), as well as the non-volatile nitrate and chloride. The measurement data was used as input of a thermodynamic equilibrium model (ISORROPIA II) to investigate the gaseaerosol equilibrium characteristics. Results show that (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 , NH 4 NO 3 and NH 4 Cl were the major inorganic salts in aerosols and mainly existed in the fine particles. The sulfate, nitrate and chloride associated with crustal ions were also important in Beijing where mineral dust concentrations were high. About 19% of sulfate in winter and 11% of sulfate in summer were associated with crustal ions and originated from heterogeneous reactions or direct emissions. The nonvolatile nitrate contributed about 33% and 15% of nitrate in winter and summer, respectively. Theoretical thermodynamic equilibrium calculations for NH 4 NO 3 and NH 4 Cl suggest that the gaseous precursors were sufficient to form stable volatile ammonium salts in winter, whereas the internal mixing with sulfate and crustal species were important for the formation of volatile ammonium salts in summer. The results of the thermodynamic equilibrium model reasonably agreed with the measurements of aerosols and gases, but large discrepancy existed in predicting the speciation of inorganic ammonium salts. This indicates that the assumption on crustal species in the model was important for obtaining better understanding on gaseaerosol partitioning and improving the model prediction. a r t i c l e i n f o

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Speciation of ammonium-containing species in atmospheric aerosols

Cited by 25 publications

References 18 publications

Chemical characteristics of inorganic ammonium salts in PM<sub>2.5</sub> in the atmosphere of Beijing (China)

Chemical characteristics of inorganic ammonium salts in PM<sub>2.5</sub> in the atmosphere of Beijing (China)

Receptor model source attributions for Utah's Salt Lake City airshed and the impacts of wintertime secondary ammonium nitrate and ammonium chloride aerosol

Speciation of the major inorganic salts in atmospheric aerosols of Beijing, China: Measurements and comparison with model

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Speciation of ammonium-containing species in atmospheric aerosols

Cited by 25 publications

References 18 publications

Chemical characteristics of inorganic ammonium salts in PM&lt;sub&gt;2.5&lt;/sub&gt; in the atmosphere of Beijing (China)

Chemical characteristics of inorganic ammonium salts in PM&lt;sub&gt;2.5&lt;/sub&gt; in the atmosphere of Beijing (China)

Receptor model source attributions for Utah's Salt Lake City airshed and the impacts of wintertime secondary ammonium nitrate and ammonium chloride aerosol

Speciation of the major inorganic salts in atmospheric aerosols of Beijing, China: Measurements and comparison with model

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Chemical characteristics of inorganic ammonium salts in PM<sub>2.5</sub> in the atmosphere of Beijing (China)

Chemical characteristics of inorganic ammonium salts in PM<sub>2.5</sub> in the atmosphere of Beijing (China)