Speciation of antimony and arsenic in the soils and plants in an old antimony mine

Wei, Chaoyang; Ge, Zhao-Feng; Chu, Wangsheng; Feng, Renwei

doi:10.1016/j.envexpbot.2014.08.002

Cited by 65 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…For Sb, these concentrations are well above soil background values of 0.3-8.6 mg kg −1 [48]. However, they are in line with previously found concentrations of Sb in shooting range and mining sites that range up to 17,500 mg kg −1 [5,8,22,34,49,50]. It must be noted, however, that extremely small bullet residues (<100 μm) can be present in the soil [4].…”

Section: Total Sb Concentrations In the Shooting Range Soilssupporting

confidence: 64%

Release and Biomethylation of Antimony in Shooting Range Soils upon Flooding

2018

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Antimony (Sb) is an understudied pollutant with potentially toxic effects at particularly low concentrations. The fate of Sb in the environment is complicated because of its many chemical forms at varying oxidation states. Here, we validated an extraction method and an analytical technique to quantify inorganic and methylated Sb in bulk soil and soil solution. We identified and quantified trimethylantimony (TMSb) in shooting range soils for the first time, up to a concentration of 1.35 mg kg −1 . Then, we evaluated the release of Sb species from soil to soil solution as well as the influence of manure addition upon flooding in an incubation experiment with fresh soils from shooting ranges. This incubation experiment showed an immediate and exhaustive Sb release into the soil solution (within 6 h), reaching over 3000 µg L −1 for one site, followed by a sharp decline and again a slow increase at the end of the incubation in Sb concentrations in the soil solution for two of the three sites. TMSb was also formed in the soil solution after 4 to 10 days. High dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentrations and the dissolution of Fe-and Mn-(oxy-)hydroxides were the main drivers of Sb release, while the addition of organic matter (OM) drove TMSb formation.

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Section: Total Sb Concentrations In the Shooting Range Soilssupporting

confidence: 64%

Release and Biomethylation of Antimony in Shooting Range Soils upon Flooding

2018

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“…Although previous studies showed the presence of TMSb in plants using other 316 extractions methods [8,23,24,31] , this is the first study to provide a sufficient level of quality control to 317 ensure that TMSb is not formed during the extraction or analysis of these samples. Also, it is the first 318 time that TMSb uptake and transfer is demonstrated under controlled conditions.…”

Section: Conclusion 313mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is generally more mobile than other pollutants such as As and lead (Pb) [5,6] , 41 although this can change depending on the redox conditions [7] . Sb is however more available than As in 42 mining soils [8] and can thus be taken up by microorganisms or plants more easily. Indeed, concentrations 43 between 100 and 4000 mg.kg -1 have been found in plants growing in mining areas [4] .…”

Section: Introduction 33mentioning

confidence: 99%

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A novel method to determine trimethylantimony concentrations in plant tissue

Mestrot

Tandy

et al. 2016

Environ. Chem.

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Environmental contextAntimony enters the soil mostly through mining and shooting activities and can thereafter be taken up by plants. In the soil, antimony may undergo several transformations such as biomethylation, leading to the formation of trimethylantimony. Here, we measured for the first time the uptake and translocation of trimethylantimony in a plant using a new extraction and analysis method. AbstractAntimony (Sb) is a relevant pollutant that can be found in elevated concentrations in soils near Sb mines and at shooting ranges. In soils, Sb occurs as trivalent Sb, SbIII, pentavalent Sb, SbV, or trimethylantimony, TMSb ((CH3)3SbO), the latter being the result of microbial biomethylation. It is important to understand the transfer of Sb species from soil to plants to assess the role of Sb in the food chain. However, this research has historically been hampered by the lack of suitable extraction and analytical methods. In this study, we validated an efficient and reliable extraction technique using oxalic acid and ascorbic acid (72.6±1.3% of Sb extracted) as well as a high-pressure liquid chromatography–inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (HPLC-ICP-MS) speciation analysis method to assess the uptake of TMSb in ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.), a common pasture plant, in a hydroponics experiment. Our results show that TMSb and SbIII are not converted to other species during extraction and that TMSb is taken up by ryegrass roots and translocated to the shoots. Our study also points at specific methylation–demethylation mechanisms occurring in the plant. Moreover, an unknown Sb species was found in the shoots of TMSb-treated plants, highlighting the need for further research. These new extraction and speciation methods will enable researchers to study the soil–plant transfer of organo-Sb compounds in a reliable and consistent manner.

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“…Its longtime and large-scale mining and smelting has produced large amounts of smelting slag. With surface runoff and precipitation infiltration, harmful elements like Sb and the associated elements As and Hg have been released, threatening the environment and human beings [10][11][12][13][14]. When an excessive amount of Sb, As, or Hg enters the human body, it will cause diseases to the liver, skin, tumors, respiratory and cardiovascular systems, and even cancer [15][16][17][18][19].…”

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confidence: 99%

Release Law of Sb, As, and Hg in Antimony Smelting Slag Under Simulated Acid Rain

Zhou¹,

Li²,

Ren³

et al. 2017

Pol. J. Environ. Stud.

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The exploitation and smelting of heavy metals causes serious environmental pollution, which has received extensive attention from researchers all over the world [1][2][3]. The smelting slag produced by the smelting mines is not only land-occupying, but also causes lasting environmental pollution, for large amounts of harmful elements in the smelting slag are released after rain [4][5][6][7]. As the world's largest antimony (Sb) producer, China produces on average 80% of global Sb annually [8].Xikuangshan (XKS) in Hunan, the world's largest Sb mine, is reported to produce 25% of the world's total. The XKS mine has been mining and smelting for almost 120 years. Its longtime and large-scale mining and smelting has produced large amounts of smelting slag. With surface runoff and precipitation infiltration, harmful elements like Sb and the associated elements As and Hg have been released, threatening the environment and human beings [10][11][12][13][14]. When an excessive amount of Sb, As, or Hg enters the human body, it will cause diseases to the liver, skin, tumors, respiratory and cardiovascular systems, and even cancer [15][16][17][18][19]. Sb, As, Hg, and their compounds are listed as pollutants of priority interest by the United States Pol. J. Environ. Stud. Vol. 26, No. 2 (2017), 925-933 Original Research AbstractThis study takes the Southern antimony smelting slag depot in Xikuangshan (XKS) Sb mine in the city of Lengshuijiang, Hunan, China, as the research object and explores the release law of Sb, As, and Hg in smelting slag under different pH-value simulated acid rain by a semi-dynamic leaching experiment of simulating the local rain. The results show that the leachate pH value is positively correlated with the pH value of simulated acid rain, while the leachate conductivity is negatively correlated with it. The leaching rates of As and Hg are negatively correlated with the pH value of the simulated acid rain, while the leaching rate of Sb is positively correlated with it; in the leaching process, the leachate pH value goes downward slowly after shooting up, but the leachate conductivity is continuously reduced; the releasing process of Sb, As, and Hg consists of two stages, and their leaching rate forms such an order as Sb > Hg > As. The diffraction peak intensity of the main mineral composition of quartz and calcite decreases significantly after leaching; the smelting slag's surface becomes less rough than before leaching, with fewer pores and edges, and the contents of S, Si, Al, Fe, Ca, and Sb on the slag surface decrease while the content of O, As, and Hg increases.Keywords: antimony smelting slag, simulated rain, metal(loid)s, release law *e-mail: zsjaw0745@sina.com DOI: 10.15244/pjoes/65470 926 Zhou S., et al. Environmental Protection Agency [20] and the European Union [21].Until the present, studies at home and abroad are mainly on minerals' adsorption of Sb (III and V) and its desorption, as well as Sb smelting slag's impact on the surrounding environment [22][23][24][25][26][27], but f...

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Speciation of antimony and arsenic in the soils and plants in an old antimony mine

Cited by 65 publications

References 49 publications

Release and Biomethylation of Antimony in Shooting Range Soils upon Flooding

Release and Biomethylation of Antimony in Shooting Range Soils upon Flooding

A novel method to determine trimethylantimony concentrations in plant tissue

Release Law of Sb, As, and Hg in Antimony Smelting Slag Under Simulated Acid Rain

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