Speciation of chromium in tanned leather gloves and relapse of chromium allergy from tanned leather samples†

Nygren, Olle; Wahlberg, Jan E.

doi:10.1039/a707458a

Cited by 50 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Other studies have also demonstrated that a significant amount of Cr(VI) and Cr(III) is capable of leaching out of leather products (46,47,50).…”

Section: Chromium In Leather Productsmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…During the tanning process, basic chromium(III) sulfate binds to the collagen thereby stabilizing the leather (45). However, even though no Cr(VI) is used, small trace amounts of Cr(VI) can often be found in leather articles (46,47). This is due to oxidation of Cr(III) during leather manufacture leading to the formation of Cr(VI).…”

Section: Chromium and Leather Tanningmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Quantitative aspects of contact allergy to chromium and exposure to chrome‐tanned leather

Hansen

Rydin²,

Menné

et al. 2002

Contact Dermatitis

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The potential of trivalent and hexavalent chromium to induce and elicit allergic contact dermatitis and the degree of chromium exposure from leather products are reviewed. Chromium dermatitis is often due to exposure in the occupational environment, with cement being one of the most common chromium sources. However, consumer products such as chromium(III)‐tanned leather products are also an important source of chromium exposure. Apart from Cr(III), which is used for tanning, leather often also contains trace amounts of Cr(VI), which is formed by oxidation of Cr(III) during the tanning process. In a recent study of the Cr(VI) content of leather products bought on the Danish market, 35% of such articles had a Cr(VI) content above the detection limit of 3 p.p.m., ranging from 3.6 p.p.m. to 14.7 p.p.m. Leachable Cr(III) was detected at levels of 430–980 p.p.m. An examination of available dose–response studies showed that exposure to occluded patch test concentrations of 7–45 p.p.m. Cr(VI) elicits a reaction in 10% of the chromium‐sensitive patients. When reviewing repeated open exposure studies, it is seen that either exposure to 5 p.p.m. Cr(VI) in the presence of 1% sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS) or exposure to 10 p.p.m. Cr(VI) alone both elicit eczema in chromium‐sensitive patients. The eliciting capacity of Cr(III) has not been systematically investigated but, compared to Cr(VI), much higher concentrations are needed to elicit eczema.

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“…Other studies have also demonstrated that a significant amount of Cr(VI) and Cr(III) is capable of leaching out of leather products (46,47,50).…”

Section: Chromium In Leather Productsmentioning

confidence: 95%

Section: Chromium and Leather Tanningmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantitative aspects of contact allergy to chromium and exposure to chrome‐tanned leather

Hansen

Rydin²,

Menné

et al. 2002

Contact Dermatitis

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“…The real tannery effluent samples were passed through 0.45 m Whatman GF/C filters, diluted and analyzed for total dissolved chromium by FAAS after an acid decomposition of the leather samples, according to general AAS procedures [32,33].…”

Section: Analysis Of the Real Tannery Wastewatermentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of Doehlert matrix to the study of electrochemical oxidation of Cr(III) to Cr(VI) in order to recover chromium from wastewater tanning baths

Ouejhani

Hellal

Dachraoui

et al. 2008

Journal of Hazardous Materials

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“…, and amino acids (1 g?L 21 of each amino acid) [13,25,26,27]. The amino acids selected were threonine, methionine, serine, alanine, and glycine.…”

Section: Detection Of Chromium Species After Incubation Of Simulated mentioning

confidence: 99%

Capillary electrophoresis hyphenated to inductively coupled plasma-sector field-mass spectrometry for the detection of chromium species after incubation of chromium in simulated sweat

et al. 2005

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The presence of chromium in chromium-tanned leather represents a considerable health problem since it can lead to chronic allergic contact dermatitis. Apart from trivalent chromium (Cr(III)), which is used for tanning, leather often contains hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)), resulting from the oxidation of Cr(III) during the tanning process. This study deals with the chromium compounds in simulated sweat when brought into contact with Cr(III) or Cr(VI) and with chromium-tanned leathers. A capillary electrophoresis (CE) method was developed, with inductively coupled plasma-sector field-mass spectrometry (ICP-SF-MS) for element-specific detection. Two different electrophoretic runs, applying once the positive and once the negative polarity mode, were necessary for the detection of positively and negatively charged chromium species. Although sometimes described in the literature, a pre-run derivatization of the chromium-species was not performed here to prevent species transformation. 50 mmol.L(-1) sodium phosphate at a pH of 2.5 was used as CE separation buffer and as make-up liquid for the CE-ICP-SF-MS interface. When applied to simulated sweat samples incubated with Cr(VI), this method showed that methionine is responsible for the reduction of Cr(VI) into Cr(III), which, at its turn, forms a complex with lactic acid. In the case of sweat plus Cr(III), the latter step was also seen. Applied to simulated sweat in contact with leather samples, the method developed showed the presence of the former species among a much more complex pattern.

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Speciation of chromium in tanned leather gloves and relapse of chromium allergy from tanned leather samples†

Cited by 50 publications

References 6 publications

Quantitative aspects of contact allergy to chromium and exposure to chrome‐tanned leather

Quantitative aspects of contact allergy to chromium and exposure to chrome‐tanned leather

Application of Doehlert matrix to the study of electrochemical oxidation of Cr(III) to Cr(VI) in order to recover chromium from wastewater tanning baths

Capillary electrophoresis hyphenated to inductively coupled plasma-sector field-mass spectrometry for the detection of chromium species after incubation of chromium in simulated sweat

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