Speciation of Iodine in High Iodine Groundwater in China Associated with Goitre and Hypothyroidism

Andersen, Stig; Guan, Haixia; Wang, Teng; Laurberg, Peter

doi:10.1007/s12011-008-8257-x

Cited by 42 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Iodine content in some seaweed is relatively high (8), and the population consuming seaweed may obtain high iodine concentrations through their diet (9)(10)(11). Sometimes, iodine can also be obtained through drinking water drawn from certain aquifers or water disinfected with iodine (9,12,13).…”

Section: Role In Health and Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

Biomarkers of Nutrition for Development—Iodine Review

Rohner

Zimmermann

Jooste

et al. 2014

The Journal of Nutrition

233

222

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The objective of the Biomarkers of Nutrition for Development (BOND) project is to provide state-of-the-art information and service with regard to selection, use, and interpretation of biomarkers of nutrient exposure, status, function, and effect. Specifically, the BOND project seeks to develop consensus on accurate assessment methodologies that are applicable to researchers (laboratory/clinical/surveillance), clinicians, programmers, and policy makers (data consumers). The BOND project is also intended to develop targeted research agendas to support the discovery and development of biomarkers through improved understanding of nutrient biology within relevant biologic systems. In phase I of the BOND project, 6 nutrients (iodine, vitamin A, iron, zinc, folate, and vitamin B-12) were selected for their high public health importance because they typify the challenges faced by users in the selection, use, and interpretation of biomarkers. For each nutrient, an expert panel was constituted and charged with the development of a comprehensive review covering the respective nutrient's biology, existing biomarkers, and specific issues of use with particular reference to the needs of the individual user groups. In addition to the publication of these reviews, materials from each will be extracted to support the BOND interactive Web site (http://www.nichd.nih.gov/global_nutrition/programs/bond/pages/index.aspx). This review represents the first in the series of reviews and covers all relevant aspects of iodine biology and biomarkers. The article is organized to provide the reader with a full appreciation of iodine's background history as a public health issue, its biology, and an overview of available biomarkers and specific considerations for the use and interpretation of iodine biomarkers across a range of clinical and population-based uses. The review also includes a detailed research agenda to address priority gaps in our understanding of iodine biology and assessment.

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Section: Role In Health and Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

Biomarkers of Nutrition for Development—Iodine Review

Rohner

Zimmermann

Jooste

et al. 2014

The Journal of Nutrition

233

222

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“…Such iodine-rich drinking water has also been found in Somalia [21], Saharawi [22] and Europe [23]. The application of iodine-containing water-purification tablets is another source of excess iodine exposure from drinking water [24,25].…”

Section: Iodine: An Abundant and Easily Accessible Environmental Rmentioning

confidence: 99%

Iodine Excess as an Environmental Risk Factor for Autoimmune Thyroid Disease

Luo

Kawashima

Ishido

et al. 2014

IJMS

154

101

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The global effort to prevent iodine deficiency disorders through iodine supplementation, such as universal salt iodization, has achieved impressive progress during the last few decades. However, iodine excess, due to extensive environmental iodine exposure in addition to poor monitoring, is currently a more frequent occurrence than iodine deficiency. Iodine excess is a precipitating environmental factor in the development of autoimmune thyroid disease. Excessive amounts of iodide have been linked to the development of autoimmune thyroiditis in humans and animals, while intrathyroidal depletion of iodine prevents disease in animal strains susceptible to severe thyroiditis. Although the mechanisms by which iodide induces thyroiditis are still unclear, several mechanisms have been proposed: (1) excess iodine induces the production of cytokines and chemokines that can recruit immunocompetent cells to the thyroid; (2) processing excess iodine in thyroid epithelial cells may result in elevated levels of oxidative stress, leading to harmful lipid oxidation and thyroid tissue injuries; and (3) iodine incorporation in the protein chain of thyroglobulin may augment the antigenicity of this molecule. This review will summarize the current knowledge regarding excess iodide as an environmental toxicant and relate it to the development of autoimmune thyroid disease.

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“…A number of studies have established different Tvol references in different countries [25,26]. Third, the iodine in underground water is usually bound in humic substances with marine origin [27,28]. Humic substances could promote the goiter occurrence in human [29].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of reducing iodine excess on children’s goiter prevalence in areas with high iodine in drinking water

Xie

et al. 2015

Endocrine

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The purpose of the study was to evaluate the effect of removing iodized salt on children's goiter prevalence in high iodine area (HIA). A total of 452 and 459 children aged 8-10 years old were selected by simple random sampling method before and after removing iodized salt from their diet in three towns with median water iodine content of 150-300 µg/l in Hengshui city of Hebei province of China. Their goiter status was judged using the thyroid volume (Tvol) reference for body surface area recommended by the WHO. After removing iodized salt, children's overall median urinary iodine content (MUIC) decreased from 518 (IQR 347,735) µg/l to 416 µg/l (IQR 274,609). Children's MUIC across sex and age group decreased significantly. The overall goiter prevalence in the three towns significantly decreased from 32.96 % (149/452) to 6.54 % (30/459) (P < 0.001). The goiter prevalence in 8-, 9-, and 10-year-old children decreased, respectively, from 38.04 % (35/92), 30.57 % (59/193), and 32.93 % (55/167) to 6.10 % (10/164), 6.75 % (11/163), and 6.82 % (9/132). The goiter prevalence in boys and girls decreased from 34.01 % (83/244) and 31.73 % (66/208) to 6.19 % (14/225) and 6.87 % (16/234), respectively. The decreases in children's goiter prevalence across gender and age groups were all statistically significant. The present study revealed that children's goiter prevalence decreased significantly after removing iodized salt from their diet for about one and half years in the HIA in Hebei province.

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Speciation of Iodine in High Iodine Groundwater in China Associated with Goitre and Hypothyroidism

Cited by 42 publications

References 33 publications

Biomarkers of Nutrition for Development—Iodine Review

Biomarkers of Nutrition for Development—Iodine Review

Iodine Excess as an Environmental Risk Factor for Autoimmune Thyroid Disease

Effect of reducing iodine excess on children’s goiter prevalence in areas with high iodine in drinking water

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