Speciation of Manganese in a Synthetic Recycling Slag Relevant for Lithium Recycling from Lithium-Ion Batteries

Wittkowski, Alena; Schirmer, Thomas; Qiu, Hao; Goldmann, Daniel; Fittschen, Ursula E. A.

doi:10.3390/met11020188

Cited by 36 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 21 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The investigated material is a synthetic slag originating from experiments published in Schirmer et al [5] and Wittkowski et al [6]. The system of the synthetic slags contains Li 2 O, MgO, Al 2 O 3 , SiO 2 and CaO, as well as MnOx in the case of the manganese-containing material.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The system of the synthetic slags contains Li 2 O, MgO, Al 2 O 3 , SiO 2 and CaO, as well as MnOx in the case of the manganese-containing material. Detailed descriptions of the starting materials, the heating curve, the bulk and mineralogical composition, including Li loss during smelting and solidification have been published by Schirmer et al [5] and Wittkowski et al [6].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The studies of Schirmer et al [5] and Wittkowski et al [6] showed that Li is distributed in different phases in these slags. Among these compounds are Li-aluminate (LiAl, Li 1 − x (Al 1 − x Si x )O 2 ), eucryptite-like alumosilicate (ELAS, Li 1 − x Mg y (Al)(Al 2y−x Si 2 − (2y − x) )O 6 ), and spinel solid so-lutions of Mg 1 − (3/2y) Al 2 + y O 4 /LiAl 5 O 8 and (Li (2x) Mn 2+ (1 − x) ) 1 + x )(Al (2 − z) ,Mn 3+ (z) )O 4 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…Interesting potentially Li-containing compounds in the analyzed material published by Schirmer et al [5] and Wittkowski et al [6] include:…”

Section: Definition Of Phases With Potential LI Contentmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Determination of the Li Distribution in Synthetic Recycling Slag with SIMS

Schirmer

Wahl²,

Böck³

et al. 2021

Metals

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The recovery of technically important elements like lithium from slag of pyrometallurgical recycling of lithium traction batteries will be very important in future due to the expected increasing demand of this element with the upcoming world-wide implementation of electro mobility. Therefore, the investigation of possibilities to recover lithium from pyrometallurgical slag from the recycling of lithium traction batteries is mandatory. In this context, the EnAM (engineered artificial mineral) approach is very promising. Solidified melt of synthetic recycling slag with the compounds Li2O-MgO-Al2O3-SiO2-CaO-MnO contains various Li-bearing phases including spinel solid solution, Li-aluminate and eucryptite-like Li-alumosilicate. Most probably, the Ca-alumosilicate matrix (melilite-like solid solution) incorporates lithium as well. These compounds can be determined and calculated to an acceptable approximation with electron probe microanalysis (EPMA). Nevertheless, an adequate precise measurement of lithium is virtually impossible due to the extremely low fluorescence yield and long wavelength of Li Kα. Secondary mass spectrometry (SIMS) can be used to fill this gap in the analytical assessment of the slag. Therefore, the combination of these two analytical methods can distinctively improve the mineralogical and chemical characterization of lithium-containing solidified (slag) melt.

show abstract

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…Interesting potentially Li-containing compounds in the analyzed material published by Schirmer et al [5] and Wittkowski et al [6] include:…”

Section: Definition Of Phases With Potential LI Contentmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Determination of the Li Distribution in Synthetic Recycling Slag with SIMS

Schirmer

Wahl²,

Böck³

et al. 2021

Metals

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Because of the possibility of processing waste materials from various sources, the pyrometallurgical approach is very interesting for the recycling of complex technology products. However, some of the relevant elements, such as Li or Mn, are lost in the process, as they migrate into slags [1,2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of P and Ti on Phase Formation at Solidification of Synthetic Slag Containing Li, Zr, La, and Ta

et al. 2022

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In the future, it will become increasingly important to recover critical elements from waste materials. For many of these elements, purely mechanical processing is not efficient enough. An already established method is pyrometallurgical processing, with which many of the technologically important elements, such as Cu or Co, can be recovered in the metal phase. Ignoble elements, such as Li, are known to be found in the slag. Even relatively base or highly redox-sensitive elements, such as Zr, REEs, or Ta, can be expected to accumulate in the slag. In this manuscript, the methods for determining the phase formation and the incorporation of these elements were developed and optimized, and the obtained results are discussed. For this purpose, oxide slags were synthesized with Al, Si, Ca, and the additives, P and Ti. To this synthetic slag were added the elements, Zr and La (which can be considered proxies for the light REEs), as well as Ta. On the basis of the obtained results, it can be concluded that Ti or P can have strong influences on the phase formation. In the presence of Ti, La, and Ta, predominantly scavenged by perovskite (Ca1-wLa2/3wTi1-(x+y+z)Al4/3xZryTa4/5zO3), and Zr predominantly as zirconate (Ca1-wLa2/3wZr4-(x+y+z)Al4/3xTiyTa4/5zO9), with the P having no effect on this behavior. Without Ti, the Zr and Ta are incorporated into the pyrochlore (La2-xCa3/2x-yZr2+2/4y-zTa4/5zO7), regardless of the presence of phosphorus. In addition to pyrochlore, La accumulates primarily in britholite-type La oxy- or phosphosilicates. Without P and Ti, similar behavior is observed, except that the britholite-like La silicates do not contain P, and the scavenging of La is less efficient. Lithium, on the other hand, forms its own compounds, such as LiAlO2(Si), LiAl5O8, eucryptite, and Li silicate. Additionally, in the presence of P, Li3PO4 is formed, and the eucryptite incorporates P, which indicates an additional P-rich eutectic melt.

show abstract

Dry Recycling of Lithium‐Containing Material by Forced Tribocharging and Electrostatic Separation

Javadi,

Abohelwa,

Wollmann

et al. 2024

Chemie Ingenieur Technik

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Lithium‐containing components in batteries, electronics, and renewable energy pose material and waste challenges. Ongoing research focuses on eco‐friendly recycling, emphasizing electrostatic separation as a method to recover, for instance, lithium, especially in battery recycling. This study investigates forced dry triboelectric charging and electrostatic separation of powdered materials, with a focus on the charging behavior of lithium aluminate and talcum. The electrostatic separation efficiency for a blend of powders is also evaluated. Collected samples are analyzed via inductively coupled plasma‐mass spectrometry testing to assess component enrichment. Results show successful lithium enrichment from a talcum‐lithium aluminate mixture, highlighting significant separation success.

show abstract

Speciation of Manganese in a Synthetic Recycling Slag Relevant for Lithium Recycling from Lithium-Ion Batteries

Cited by 36 publications

References 21 publications

Determination of the Li Distribution in Synthetic Recycling Slag with SIMS

Determination of the Li Distribution in Synthetic Recycling Slag with SIMS

Influence of P and Ti on Phase Formation at Solidification of Synthetic Slag Containing Li, Zr, La, and Ta

Dry Recycling of Lithium‐Containing Material by Forced Tribocharging and Electrostatic Separation

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About