Speciation of mercury in water and freshwater fish samples by a two-step solidified floating organic drop microextraction with electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry
“…PDC was chosen as the chelating agent to form complexes with the studied metal ions because of its high complexation capability with a number of metal ions and the fact that it provides high molar absorptivity complexes [35,36]. There are a number of reports on the determination of metal ions based on PDC-complexes by using various instrumental methods such as UV-Vis spectrophotometry [37], flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS) [2], electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry (ETAAS) [3], ICP-OES [4], ICP-MS [5] and HPLC [38,39]. In addition, PDC has been used to lower analytical limits of FAAS [40].…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…[1]. The instrumental methods that are widely used for the determination of metal ions are based on atomic spectrophotometry like as atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS) [2,3], inductively-coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) [4], and inductively-coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) [5]. Recently, optical sensors have been employed for the detection of metal ions [6,7].…”
A simple and highly sensitive method is developed for the simultaneous determination of Ni2+, Cr2O72−, Co2+, and Hg2+ by using in syringe low density solvent-dispersive liquid liquid microextraction (ISLD-DLLME), followed by high performance liquid chromatography with a UV detector. The four metal ions were derivatized with pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDC) based on complexation before their enrichment by ISLD-DLLME in which 1-octanol and methanol were used as the extraction solvent and the dispersive solvent, respectively. The extraction was performed in a commercially available syringe under vortex agitation. Phase separation was achieved without centrifugation, and the extraction phase was easily collected by moving the syringe plunger. Parameters affecting the extraction efficiency were studied and optimized. Under the optimum conditions, the four metal-PDC complexes were detected within 18 min, and ISLD-DLLME could increase the detection sensitivity in the range of 64–230 times compared to the direct HPLC analysis. The obtained limits of detection (LODs) were found to be in the range of 0.011–2.0 µg L−1. The applicability of the method is demonstrated for freshwater fish, shrimp, and shellfish samples. In addition, the results are in good agreement with those obtained by inductively-coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES).
“…PDC was chosen as the chelating agent to form complexes with the studied metal ions because of its high complexation capability with a number of metal ions and the fact that it provides high molar absorptivity complexes [35,36]. There are a number of reports on the determination of metal ions based on PDC-complexes by using various instrumental methods such as UV-Vis spectrophotometry [37], flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS) [2], electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry (ETAAS) [3], ICP-OES [4], ICP-MS [5] and HPLC [38,39]. In addition, PDC has been used to lower analytical limits of FAAS [40].…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…[1]. The instrumental methods that are widely used for the determination of metal ions are based on atomic spectrophotometry like as atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS) [2,3], inductively-coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) [4], and inductively-coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) [5]. Recently, optical sensors have been employed for the detection of metal ions [6,7].…”
A simple and highly sensitive method is developed for the simultaneous determination of Ni2+, Cr2O72−, Co2+, and Hg2+ by using in syringe low density solvent-dispersive liquid liquid microextraction (ISLD-DLLME), followed by high performance liquid chromatography with a UV detector. The four metal ions were derivatized with pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDC) based on complexation before their enrichment by ISLD-DLLME in which 1-octanol and methanol were used as the extraction solvent and the dispersive solvent, respectively. The extraction was performed in a commercially available syringe under vortex agitation. Phase separation was achieved without centrifugation, and the extraction phase was easily collected by moving the syringe plunger. Parameters affecting the extraction efficiency were studied and optimized. Under the optimum conditions, the four metal-PDC complexes were detected within 18 min, and ISLD-DLLME could increase the detection sensitivity in the range of 64–230 times compared to the direct HPLC analysis. The obtained limits of detection (LODs) were found to be in the range of 0.011–2.0 µg L−1. The applicability of the method is demonstrated for freshwater fish, shrimp, and shellfish samples. In addition, the results are in good agreement with those obtained by inductively-coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES).
“…PF is defined as the volume ratio of analyte in the initial phase (V aq ) to the extracting phase (V o ). ER defined as the percentage of analyte extracted from the aqueous solution into the extracting phase, is calculated using following Equations, : where V o and V aq are the extracting phase volume (20 μL) and the initial aqueous sample volume (10.0 mL), respectively. A calibration curve was constructed by direct injection of standard solutions in 1‐undecanol at concentrations of 5, 10, 25, 50 and 75 μg/mL, respectively, using GC–FID analysis.…”
Liquid microextraction employing solidification of the floating organic droplet, with vortexing and heating to optimize extraction efficiency, was developed for the determination of seven insecticides in fruit juice, vegetables, and agricultural runoff water. The extracts were analyzed by gas chromatography with both flame ionization and mass spectrometry detection for the determination of chlorpyrifos, prothiofos, profenofos, ethion, λ-cyhalothrin, permethrin, and cypermethrin, respectively. Using 20 μL of 1-undecanol in 10 mL of aqueous solution containing 1% w/v sodium chloride provided preconcentration factor of 500. The enrichment factor of the analytes was in the range of 355 to 509 with extraction recovery >71%. The linearity ranges were 4-200 μg/kg for gas chromatography with flame ionization detection and 1-100 μg/kg for gas chromatography with mass spectrometry, with limits of detection ranging from 0.04 to 1.2 μg/kg, which are lower than the international maximum residue limits for vegetables and fruit juice. Intra-day and inter-day precisions are less than 5.4 and 7.0% relative standard deviation, respectively. The method was successfully applied to the determination of the seven insecticides in samples of vegetables, fruit juice and agricultural runoff, with recoveries ranging from 61.7 to 120.8%. The extraction method is simple, efficient and environmentally friendly.
“…Recently, SFODME has been helpful for the identification of phenytoin and phenobarbital in plasma and urine samples [ 79 ]. Currently, an easy and fast syringe-to-syringe dispersive liquid-phase microextraction method with SFO drops has been developed and is useful for the analysis of ochratoxin-A [ 80 ], mercury in fish samples [ 81 ], and naproxen in plasma [ 82 ]. Fig.…”
Section: Sample Preparation Techniques In Bioanalyticsmentioning
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
