Species boundaries and phylogenetic relationships within the green algal genus Codium (Bryopsidales) based on plastid DNA sequences

Verbruggen, Heroen; Leliaert, Frédérik; Maggs, Christine A.; Shimada, Shoichi; Schils, Tom; Provan, Jim; Booth, David J.; Murphy, Sue; Clerck, Olivier De; Littler, Diane S.; Littler, Mark M.; Coppejans, Eric

doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2007.01.009

Cited by 91 publications

(106 citation statements)

References 72 publications

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“…The genera Codium and Halimeda have been proposed as model systems for studying marine algal speciation, biogeography and macroevolution Verbruggen et al, 2007). Both these genera are species-rich, ecologically diverse and geographically widespread, making them ideal case studies for a spectrum of evolutionary questions.…”

Section: Perspectivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The most recent common ancestor of the extant species in both genera are highly comparable and can be situated in the Late Jurassic-Early Cretaceous (Halimeda: 147 my ; Codium: 153 my ). To get an initial idea of the timeframe of evolutionary diversification we have included representatives of each of the five sections of Halimeda (Verbruggen and Kooistra, 2004) and each of the three major lineages of Codium (Verbruggen et al, 2007). It follows from our results that both genera spawned their major extant lineages during the Cretaceous.…”

Section: Perspectivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, the large discrepancy between species ages resulting from interpretations of molecular data and the fossil record creates confusion (Dragastan et al, 2002;Kooistra et al, 2002). Furthermore, biogeographic interpretations are difficult without reference to a temporal framework (Verbruggen et al, 2005(Verbruggen et al, , 2007. So far, the fossil record has been used on one occasion to calibrate a dasycladalean molecular phylogeny in geological time (Olsen et al, 1994).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A multi-locus time-calibrated phylogeny of the siphonous green algae

Verbruggen

Ashworth

LoDuca

et al. 2009

Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution

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Section: Perspectivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Perspectivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

A multi-locus time-calibrated phylogeny of the siphonous green algae

Verbruggen

Ashworth

LoDuca

et al. 2009

Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution

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155

160

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“…This included the earliest C. fragile in the collections (1890, Bomlø, Hordaland, B. Hansteen, O) and a floating specimen found on Jan Mayen (1930, J. Lid, O). Short sequences were obtained for the herbarium specimens OM6 and OM7, collected in Ålesund in 1902, but with unexpected results; the sequence for OM7 (136 bp) was most similar to that of Codium vermilara, but had four single nucleotide differences and one 3-nucleotide difference compared to the reference sequences deposited by Verbruggen et al (2007). The OM6 sequence was short and based on only one strand, which showed double peaks at many of the sites where C. vermilara differs from C. fragile; this may be a result of contamination over the years in the herbarium.…”

Section: Sequence Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The primers of Provan et al (2004) were used to amplify and sequence the rpl16-rps3 region of the plastid genome, which is suitable for indicating evolutionary units within the genus Codium (Verbruggen et al 2007) and allows identification of subspecies of C. fragile using four single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) (Provan et al 2008). The UCP6 set encompasses ca.…”

Section: Sequence Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

Codium fragile in Norway: subspecies identity and morphology

Armitage

Sjøtun

2016

Botanica Marina

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Abstract:The green alga Codium fragile consists of 10 subspecies, of which subspecies fragile is a well-known invasive seaweed. Morphological work carried out in the 1950s suggested that there were three subspecies along the Norwegian coast: subsp. fragile, subsp. atlanticum and subsp. scandinavicum. However, more recent molecular data have shown the existence of only two subspecies and that these are frequently misidentified. The aims of the present study were therefore to verify which subspecies occur in Norway using the rpl16-rps3 chloroplast marker, to ascertain their likely time of arrival and to compare their morphology to their genetic identity. DNA sequences were obtained for 60 thalli from 18 sites along the coast (57-69° N) and 10 herbarium specimens . The sequences indicated that both subsp. fragile and subsp. atlanticum occur at present and have been in Norway since at least 1932 and 1948, respectively. The subspecies co-occurred at one site, but in general, subsp. atlanticum appears to have a narrower distribution than subsp. fragile, both geographically and in terms of habitat. Importantly, mucron length, other utricle features, or habitat were not always sufficiently reliable to give an accurate subspecies identification, demonstrating the necessity of DNA sequencing for the identification of these subspecies.

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Contrasting seasonal and spatial distribution of native and invasive Codium seaweed revealed by targeting species‐specific eDNA

Muha

Skukan

Borrell

et al. 2019

Ecology and Evolution

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Aim Codium fragile , an invasive seaweed, has spread widely during the last century, impacting on local seaweed communities through competition and disturbance. Early detection of C. fragile can help on its control and management. Environmental DNA (eDNA) has proved successful for early detection of aquatic invasive species but its potential use for seaweed remains understudied. We used a species‐specific eDNA qPCR approach to investigate the spatial distribution, abundance, and coexistence of the invasive C. fragile and three native Codium species ( Codium vermilara , Codium tomentosum , and Codium decorticatum ) in the Cantabrian Sea. Location Bay of Biscay, Northern Atlantic Coast of the Iberian Peninsula; two ports, a beach and a rocky cliff. Methods We designed species‐specific primers in barcoding regions targeting short fragments of the rbcL gene for the invasive Codium species, and the elongation factor Tu (tufA) gene for the native species, to assess their spatial and seasonal distributions using quantitative real‐time PCR in samples collected during summer, autumn, and winter. Results We found seasonal differences in the presence of the invasive Codium fragile and two of the native Codium species, but did not detect C. decorticatum at any point. Species distribution patterns produced with qPCR targeting species‐specific eDNA coincided with the known distribution based on previous conventional sampling, with a seasonal alternance of C. fragile and C. vermilara , and a marked dominance of invasive C. fragile in ports, which are known hotspots for invasive species. Main conclusions Our results demonstrate the utility of using eDNA for early detection and monitoring of invasive seaweed. Native and invasive Codium spp. displayed significant seasonal and spatial differentiation that needs to be taken into account in risk management. Regular monitoring of ports and adjacent areas using eDNA should help to assess the potential expansion of invasive Codium and the need for management interventions to avoid the displacement of native seaweed.

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Species boundaries and phylogenetic relationships within the green algal genus Codium (Bryopsidales) based on plastid DNA sequences

Cited by 91 publications

References 72 publications

A multi-locus time-calibrated phylogeny of the siphonous green algae

A multi-locus time-calibrated phylogeny of the siphonous green algae

Codium fragile in Norway: subspecies identity and morphology

Contrasting seasonal and spatial distribution of native and invasive Codium seaweed revealed by targeting species‐specific eDNA

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