Species Composition and Territorial Distribution of Birds in Piedmont Dagestan

Vilkov, E. V.

doi:10.18470/1992-1098-2019-2-9-34

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 4 publications

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“…Birds of the transitional ornithocomplexes of the foothills are interconnected with those of intramountain and high mountain Dagestan, as well as with the bird communities of the plains of the republic. Over a hundred species of Palearctic migratory birds which use the West Siberian–East African (or Eurasia–Africa) flyway pass through the main defiles of the Caucasus foothills, as the eastern flanks of the Caucasus mountains delineate a lowland zone along the western Caspian littoral, providing a substantial migration corridor for birds flying from further north or south, according to the season [ 38 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Avian Influenza Virus and Avian Paramyxoviruses in Wild Waterfowl of the Western Coast of the Caspian Sea (2017–2020)

Murashkina,

Sharshov,

Gadzhiev

et al. 2024

Viruses

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The flyways of many different wild waterfowl pass through the Caspian Sea region. The western coast of the middle Caspian Sea is an area with many wetlands, where wintering grounds with large concentrations of birds are located. It is known that wild waterfowl are a natural reservoir of the influenza A virus. In the mid-2000s, in the north of this region, the mass deaths of swans, gulls, and pelicans from high pathogenicity avian influenza virus (HPAIV) were noted. At present, there is still little known about the presence of avian influenza virus (AIVs) and different avian paramyxoviruses (APMVs) in the region’s waterfowl bird populations. Here, we report the results of monitoring these viruses in the wild waterfowl of the western coast of the middle Caspian Sea from 2017 to 2020. Samples from 1438 individuals of 26 bird species of 7 orders were collected, from which 21 strains of AIV were isolated, amounting to a 1.46% isolation rate of the total number of samples analyzed (none of these birds exhibited external signs of disease). The following subtypes were determined and whole-genome nucleotide sequences of the isolated strains were obtained: H1N1 (n = 2), H3N8 (n = 8), H4N6 (n = 2), H7N3 (n = 2), H8N4 (n = 1), H10N5 (n = 1), and H12N5 (n = 1). No high pathogenicity influenza virus H5 subtype was detected. Phylogenetic analysis of AIV genomes did not reveal any specific pattern for viruses in the Caspian Sea region, showing that all segments belong to the Eurasian clades of classic avian-like influenza viruses. We also did not find the amino acid substitutions in the polymerase complex (PA, PB1, and PB2) that are critical for the increase in virulence or adaptation to mammals. In total, 23 hemagglutinating viruses not related to influenza A virus were also isolated, of which 15 belonged to avian paramyxoviruses. We were able to sequence 12 avian paramyxoviruses of three species, as follows: Newcastle disease virus (n = 4); Avian paramyxovirus 4 (n = 5); and Avian paramyxovirus 6 (n = 3). In the Russian Federation, the Newcastle disease virus of the VII.1.1 sub-genotype was first isolated from a wild bird (common pheasant) in the Caspian Sea region. The five avian paramyxovirus 4 isolates obtained belonged to the common clade in Genotype I, whereas phylogenetic analysis of three isolates of Avian paramyxovirus 6 showed that two isolates, isolated in 2017, belonged to Genotype I and that an isolate identified in 2020 belonged to Genotype II. The continued regular monitoring of AIVs and APMVs, the obtaining of data on the biological properties of isolated strains, and the accumulation of information on virus host species will allow for the adequate planning of epidemiological measures, suggest the most likely routes of spread of the virus, and assist in the prediction of the introduction of the viruses in the western coastal region of the middle Caspian Sea.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Avian Influenza Virus and Avian Paramyxoviruses in Wild Waterfowl of the Western Coast of the Caspian Sea (2017–2020)

Murashkina,

Sharshov,

Gadzhiev

et al. 2024

Viruses

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West Nile Fever: Results of Monitoring over the Causative Agent in the Russian Federation in 2021, the Incidence Forecast for 2022

Putintseva¹,

Удовиченко²,

Никитин³

et al. 2022

Problemy Osobo Opasnykh Infektsii

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The epidemiological situation on West Nile fever (WNF) in Russia in 2021 was characterized by an increase in the incidence relative to 2020 (more than 6-fold increase). The peculiarities of the WNF epidemic process have been determined: the territorial distribution of cases (75 % – in the constituent entities of the Central Federal District), the expansion of the causative agent’s areal with the involvement of new territories (official registration of cases in Moscow and the Tula Region for the first time ever), the early end of the epidemic season. An increase in the proportion of neuroinvasive forms, an increase in the share of male patients and the age group of 30–39 years, a decrease in the proportion of the population in contact with the pathogen in natural places of mass recreation were observed in the incidence structure. According to the results of the monitoring studies carried out by the Reference Center, intensive circulation of the pathogen was established on the territory of the Central Federal District, Southern Federal District, and the North Caucasian Federal District. The low reported incidence was due to insufficient detection of WNF patients. The results of moleculargenetic study showed that in the European part of Russia, WNV lineage 2 circulated in both epizootic and epidemic cycles, lineage 2 in the south of Western Siberia (Omsk Region) and lineage 4 in the Volgograd Region – in the epizootic cycle only. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that strains isolated from the Astrakhan, Volgograd, Rostov, Voronezh Regions and the Republic of Dagestan in 2021 belong to the genovariant of WNV lineage 2 not registered in Russia previously. The topology of the phylogenetic tree indicates the possible African origin of the isolates, probably imported into Russia by migratory birds across the coast of the Caspian Sea. In the Volgograd Region, WNV of both the entrenched clade of lineage 2 (since 2007) and new genovariant circulated. The specialists of the Reference Center developed a forecast of WNF epidemiological situation development in the Volgograd Region in 2022 on the basis of the neural network modeling technique, according to which an increase in the incidence is expected, comparable to that in 2010 and 2012. Based on the climate projections, an increase in the incidence is possible in all Federal Districts of the European part of Russia, the southern territories of the Urals, Western Siberia, and the Far East.

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Structural organization and ecology of birds of the High-Mountinous Dagestan

Vilkov

2023

Proceedings ZIN

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This paper analyzes the data of bird counts conducted in 1998–2021 in the province High-Mountainous Dagestan. For the first time, information was obtained on the modern average abundance of birds, their conservation status, residence status, species and faunistic composition. Of the 117 bird species recorded in the High-Mountain province of Dagestan, European, widespread, Mediterranean and Tibetan representatives of faunal complexes dominate in its humid northwestern and central parts, which is due to the prevalence of forests and shrubby subalpine meadows with large-scale rocky outcrops. In the southeastern, more aridized and treeless part of the highlands, where subalpine and alpine meadows with local rock inclusions dominate, representatives of the widespread, Mediterranean and Mongolian types of fauna are already taking the leading positions. Studies have shown that in mountains with a blurred altitudinal-belt gradient associated with the inversion of vegetation belts, the avifauna is subdivided not according to altitudinal differences, but according to habitats with corresponding ecological bird communities. Using the original ecological classification, the ecological structure of the avifauna of the study area was determined, including 11 ornithocomplexes differentiated according to the same type of habitats with an indication of their total abundance. Each habitat with the corresponding ornithocomplex was characterized according to ecological specifics, indicating with the indication of the first 5 species leading in terms of abundance. It has been established, that the specific appearance of the avifauna of the High-Mountinous Dagestan is given not only by the resident communities of typically mountain birds, but also by the adapted populations of migratory birds of the plains nesting in the highlands. The empirical data obtained make it possible to use them for spatial indication of bird communities for research purposes, for monitoring the state of the avifauna and its protection, as well as for organizing the rational use of hunting and commercial resources.

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Species Composition and Territorial Distribution of Birds in Piedmont Dagestan

Cited by 3 publications

References 4 publications

Avian Influenza Virus and Avian Paramyxoviruses in Wild Waterfowl of the Western Coast of the Caspian Sea (2017–2020)

Avian Influenza Virus and Avian Paramyxoviruses in Wild Waterfowl of the Western Coast of the Caspian Sea (2017–2020)

West Nile Fever: Results of Monitoring over the Causative Agent in the Russian Federation in 2021, the Incidence Forecast for 2022

Structural organization and ecology of birds of the High-Mountinous Dagestan

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