Species Composition of Sand Flies and Population Dynamics of Phlebotomus papatasi (Diptera: Psychodidae) in the Southern Jordan Valley, an Endemic Focus of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis

Janini, Renee; Saliba, Elias K.; Kamhawi, Shaden

doi:10.1093/jmedent/32.6.822

Cited by 31 publications

(28 citation statements)

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“…are active year round, but the density of sand ßies collected is positively associated with temperature (Boussaa et al 2005). Studies in the Middle East have shown that P. papatasi activity starts in the spring, reaches a peak in the late summer, and stops entirely by the end of November (Merdan et al 1992, Morsy et al 1993, Janini et al 1995, Morsy et al 1995, Yaghoobi-Ershadi and Javadian 1997, Kassem et al 2009). In the Palestinian West Bank, sand ßy activity is highest when the temperature is in the 24 Ð26ЊC range (Sawalha et al 2003).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Phlebotomine Sand Flies on United States Military Operations at Tallil Air Base, Iraq: 5. Impact of Weather on Sand Fly Activity

Colacicco-Mayhugh¹,

Grieco²,

Putnam³

et al. 2011

jnl. med. entom.

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In this study, we examined the effect of weather and moon illumination on sand fly activity, as measured by light trap collections made between 2 May 2003 and 25 October 2004 at Tallil Air Base, Iraq. Wind speed, temperature, dew point, percentage of sky cover, and moon illumination were entered into principal components analysis. The resulting principal components were entered into stepwise regression to develop a model of the impact of the weather on sand fly collections. Wind speed, percentage of sky cover, and moon illumination each had a strong inverse relationship with the number of sand flies collected, whereas temperature displayed a direct relationship to sand fly collections. Our data indicate that sand fly light trap catches at Tallil Air Base are highest on warm, clear nights with low wind speed and minimal illumination from the moon.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Phlebotomine Sand Flies on United States Military Operations at Tallil Air Base, Iraq: 5. Impact of Weather on Sand Fly Activity

Colacicco-Mayhugh¹,

Grieco²,

Putnam³

et al. 2011

jnl. med. entom.

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“…Geospatial coordinates for these regions were as previously described 15. Each site was selected based on ecological characteristics in Jordan16–23 and Egypt24–29 pertaining to active cases of leishmaniasis transmission and the presence of P. papatasi vectors. These sites included Cairo (CA), Egypt and Amman (AM), Jordan (a lack of sand fly vectors); Aswan (AW), Egypt and Malka (MA), Jordan (regions of endemic P. papatasi populations but that lack clinical reports of L. major infections); and North Sinai (NS), Egypt and Swaymeh (SW), Jordan (regions of endemic P. papatasi population as well as regions with reports of active L. major transmission).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Profiling of Human Acquired Immunity Against the Salivary Proteins of Phlebotomus papatasi Reveals Clusters of Differential Immunoreactivity

Geraci¹,

Mukbel²,

Kemp³

et al. 2014

The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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Phlebotomus papatasi sand flies are among the primary vectors of Leishmania major parasites from Morocco to the Indian subcontinent and from southern Europe to central and eastern Africa. Antibody-based immunity to sand fly salivary gland proteins in human populations remains a complex contextual problem that is not yet fully understood. We profiled the immunoreactivities of plasma antibodies to sand fly salivary gland sonicates (SGSs) from 229 human blood donors residing in different regions of sand fly endemicity throughout Jordan and Egypt as well as 69 US military personnel, who were differentially exposed to P. papatasi bites and L. major infections in Iraq. Compared with plasma from control region donors, antibodies were significantly immunoreactive to five salivary proteins (12, 26, 30, 38, and 44 kDa) among Jordanian and Egyptian donors, with immunoglobulin G4 being the dominant anti-SGS isotype. US personnel were significantly immunoreactive to only two salivary proteins (38 and 14 kDa). Using k-means clustering, donors were segregated into four clusters distinguished by unique immunoreactivity profiles to varying combinations of the significantly immunogenic salivary proteins. SGS-induced cellular proliferation was diminished among donors residing in sand fly-endemic regions. These data provide a clearer picture of human immune responses to sand fly vector salivary constituents.

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“…While in Aswan and Swaymeh we performed 3 trappings (late 06, early and mid 07); for the sites in North Sinai only 2 trappings took place: early and mid 07 in North Sinai. For each of the 3 locations P. papatasi represents approximately 95% of the Phlebotomus species [30,32]. Sand flies were trapped using CDC-style light traps between 18:00 and 06:00.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Expression plasticity of Phlebotomus papatasi salivary gland genes in distinct ecotopes through the sand fly season

Coutinho-Abreu

Mukbel

Hanafi³

et al. 2011

BMC Ecol

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BackgroundSand fly saliva can drive the outcome of Leishmania infection in animal models, and salivary components have been postulated as vaccine candidates against leishmaniasis. In the sand fly Phlebotomus papatasi, natural sugar-sources modulate the activity of proteins involved in meal digestion, and possibly influence vectorial capacity. However, only a handful of studies have assessed the variability of salivary components in sand flies, focusing on the effects of environmental factors in natural habitats. In order to better understand such interactions, we compared the expression profiles of nine P. papatasi salivary gland genes of specimens inhabiting different ecological habitats in Egypt and Jordan and throughout the sand fly season in each habitat.ResultsThe majority of investigated genes were up-regulated in specimens from Swaymeh late in the season, when the availability of sugar sources is reduced due to water deprivation. On the other hand, these genes were not up-regulated in specimens collected from Aswan, an irrigated area less susceptible to drought effects.ConclusionExpression plasticity of genes involved with vectorial capacity in disease vectors may play an important epidemiological role in the establishment of diseases in natural habitats.

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Species Composition of Sand Flies and Population Dynamics of Phlebotomus papatasi (Diptera: Psychodidae) in the Southern Jordan Valley, an Endemic Focus of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis

Cited by 31 publications

References 0 publications

Impact of Phlebotomine Sand Flies on United States Military Operations at Tallil Air Base, Iraq: 5. Impact of Weather on Sand Fly Activity

Impact of Phlebotomine Sand Flies on United States Military Operations at Tallil Air Base, Iraq: 5. Impact of Weather on Sand Fly Activity

Profiling of Human Acquired Immunity Against the Salivary Proteins of Phlebotomus papatasi Reveals Clusters of Differential Immunoreactivity

Expression plasticity of Phlebotomus papatasi salivary gland genes in distinct ecotopes through the sand fly season

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