Species composition of the genus Saprolegnia in fin fish aquaculture environments, as determined by nucleotide sequence analysis of the nuclear rDNA ITS regions

Bastide, Paul Y. de la; Leung, Wai Lam; Hintz, William E.

doi:10.1016/j.funbio.2014.10.006

Cited by 20 publications

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“…The S1 strain, isolated from a number of salmonids and striped bass, and with only one base difference from S2 in their ITS sequences, has been reported once in the GenBank (accession number ) and has not been cited in publications. The S3 strain, only isolated from two brook trout in a single sampling, is closely related to one of two S. parasitica strains isolated from farm waters in British Columbia based on ITS sequence (de la Bastide et al, ). The S4 strain was isolated once from water samples; S4 recently merged to S. parasitica based on ITS sequence genetic distance to Clade I isolates (Sandoval‐Sierra, Martín, et al, ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, isolates closely related to F1 and F2 were reported from river water in both Ecuador and United States but not from fish (Sandoval‐Sierra, Martín, et al, ). Saprolegnia ferax has sporadically infected salmonids in Chile and BC fish farms, but they differed from the two strains of S. ferax (F1 and F2) from Nova Scotia and perhaps are different strains (de la Bastide et al, ; Sandoval‐Sierra, Latif‐Eugenin, et al, ). We speculate that the S. ferax and S. diclina reported here were carried on the fish to spread in the environment towards their target hosts but have only caused infection on severely stressed and immune‐compromised fish.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Describing the pathogen diversity at the farm level is the necessary first step in developing a control strategy. In Chile and British Columbia, saprolegniosis outbreaks among Atlantic salmon ( Salmo salar ), brook trout ( Salvelinus fontinalis ) and rainbow trout ( Oncorhynchus mykiss ) were associated with up to five species: Saprolegnia parasitica , Saprolegnia ferax , Saprolegnia diclina , Saprolegnia delica and Saprolegnia australis (de la Bastide, Leung, & Hintz, ; Sandoval‐Sierra, Latif‐Eugenin, et al, ). Similarly, in Nova Scotia, saprolegniosis among freshwater farmed Atlantic salmon and sexually maturing brook trout is a significant health issue.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Saprolegnia molecular phylogeny among farmed teleosts in Nova Scotia, Canada

Sarowar

Cusack

Duston

2019

Journal of Fish Diseases

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To identify the pathogens causing saprolegniosis among farmed fish in Nova Scotia, 172 infected tissues and 23 water samples were collected from six species of teleosts: Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar), brown trout (Salmo trutta), Arctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus), brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis), striped bass (Morone saxatilis) and rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) at nine facilities over a 600 km range. Following laboratory culture, 132 isolates were recovered. Six species of oomycetes were identified from analysis of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequence of the nrDNA: Saprolegnia parasitica, Saprolegnia ferax, Saprolegnia diclina, Saprolegnia aenigmatica, Saprolegnia torulosa, Saprolegnia sp. and Pythiopsis cymosa. Further phylogenetic analyses of the ITS and cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (Cox1) regions revealed four strains of Saprolegnia parasitica (named here as S1, S2, S3 and S4), of which S1 and S2 were common (37% and 42% of the isolates), and two strains of S. ferax. Among S. parasitica, S2 and S3 are more closely related to each other than to S1 based on the phylogenetic analyses and predicted RNA secondary structure of the ITS region. Sexual structures with a similar morphology were formed by S1 and S3 in vitro, but were not formed by S2.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Saprolegnia molecular phylogeny among farmed teleosts in Nova Scotia, Canada

Sarowar

Cusack

Duston

2019

Journal of Fish Diseases

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“…These ITS regions are located between two coding regions, the 18S and 28S genes. Molecular analysis of these regions was adopted to confirm Saprolegnia isolates [34,35].…”

Section: Figure-4mentioning

confidence: 99%

Isolation, molecular identification, and pathological lesions of Saprolegnia spp. isolated from common carp, Cyprinus carpio in floating cages in Mosul, Iraq

2020

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Background and Aim: Saprolegniasis is a fungal disease that infects freshwater fish. The condition is characterized by a cotton-like appearance in the gills and body. This study aimed to isolate Saprolegnia from common carp, Cyprinus carpio, raised in a floating cage in Wana district, Mosul, Iraq. Materials and Methods: Samples were collected from 15 infected fish and examined microbiologically, molecularly, and histopathologically. Saprolegnia DNA was extracted which was amplified using universal primers give a 540 bp DNA fragment, and gill and muscle tissue were also examined for histopathological changes. Results: Isolated colonies of Saprolegnia were characterized by a circular, white cottony appearance with long hair. Lactophenol staining demonstrated hyphae as branched non-septate, transparent masses. The genomic DNA of isolates was consistent with Saprolegnia spp. The infected tissue samples showed variable pathology in gills. Severe hemorrhage and edema were observed in primary gill filaments with hyperplasia in epithelial cells and infusion in secondary gill filaments. Hyphae of Saprolegnia were seen between necrotic and edematous myofiber with inflammatory cells infiltration. Conclusion: Saprolegnia can cause economic impacts through lethal infection of fish. Clinical signs of Saprolegnia infection were confirmed molecularly and microscopically, and these findings were supported by histopathological lesions in gill and muscle tissues.

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“…For example, incorrect names may lead to misguided efforts to eradicate two species while only one exists. This has led to the increased use of molecular data to identify and delimit species (e.g., Sandoval-Sierra et al 2014, De la Bastide et al 2015. Several methods have been developed to delimitate species using molecular data and to discover putative species, and a multipronged approach has been recommended as all methods are based on different assumptions (Leliaert et al 2014).…”

Section: Sampling and Isolationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Infection and cox2 sequence of Pythium chondricola (Oomycetes) causing red rot disease in Pyropia yezoensis (Rhodophyta) in Korea

Lee

Jee

Son

et al. 2017

ALGAE

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Geographic distributions of pathogens are affected by dynamic processes involving host susceptibility, availability and abundance. An oomycete, Pythium porphyrae, is the causative agent of red rot disease, which plagues Pyropia farms in Korea and Japan almost every year and causes serious economic damage. We isolated an oomycete pathogen infecting Pyropia plicata from a natural population in Wellington, New Zealand. The pathogen was identified as Pythium porphyrae using cytochrome oxidase subunit 1 and internal transcribed spacer of the rDNA cistron molecular markers. Susceptibility test showed that this Pythium from New Zealand was able to infect several different species and genera of Bangiales including Pyropia but is not able to infect their sporophytic (conchocelis) phases. The sequences of the isolated New Zealand strain were also identical to Pythium chondricola from Korea and the type strain from the Netherlands. Genetic species delimitation analyses found no support for separating P. porphyrae from P. chondricola, nor do we find morphological characters to distinguish them. We propose that Pythium chondricola be placed in synonymy with P. porphyrae. It appears that the pathogen of Pyropia, both in aquaculture in the northern hemisphere and in natural populations in the southern hemisphere is one species.Key Words: Bangia; Bangiales; DNA barcoding; host specificity; Porphyra; Pythium chondricola; Rhodophyta; species delimitation; synonymization; taxonomy INTRODUCTIONAquaculture of marine algae is an important industry, especially in Asia. The production of seaweeds more than doubled between 2000 and 2012 (Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations 2014). The red alga Pyropia is the most consumed alga in the world, both for food and in the biomedical industry (e.g., porphyran, pycobilliproteins) (Gachon et al. 2010). In 2013, Pyropia made up about 1.8 million tons which is about 8% of the total global seaweed production, with values of US $1.2 billion (FAO FishStat et al. 2016).Pyropia cultivation losses amount to over US $10 million annually from different diseases (Gachon et al. 2010, Blouin et al. 2011, Kim et al. 2014. Diseases like greenspot disease and Olpidiopsis blight as well as red-rot disease, result in a great decrease in productivity, yield and crop value (Kawamura et al. 2005, Klochkova et al. 2012, 2016b, Kim et al. 2014. With increasing farming intensity and increasing temperatures, caused by global warming, disease severity and occurrence is also expected to increase (Ding and Ma 2005, Gachon et al. 2010).Received January 17, 2017, Accepted February 25, 2017 *Corresponding Author E-mail: joe.zuccarello@vuw.ac.nz Tel: This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. 30 well investigated in aquacultural settings (e.g., Park ...

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Species composition of the genus Saprolegnia in fin fish aquaculture environments, as determined by nucleotide sequence analysis of the nuclear rDNA ITS regions

Cited by 20 publications

References 47 publications

Saprolegnia molecular phylogeny among farmed teleosts in Nova Scotia, Canada

Saprolegnia molecular phylogeny among farmed teleosts in Nova Scotia, Canada

Isolation, molecular identification, and pathological lesions of Saprolegnia spp. isolated from common carp, Cyprinus carpio in floating cages in Mosul, Iraq

Infection and cox2 sequence of Pythium chondricola (Oomycetes) causing red rot disease in Pyropia yezoensis (Rhodophyta) in Korea

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