Species Contributions to PM2.5 Mass Concentrations: Revisiting Common Assumptions for Estimating Organic Mass

Turpin, Barbara J.; Lim, Ho-Jin

doi:10.1080/02786820152051454

Cited by 741 publications

(984 citation statements)

References 11 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

905

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…The difference could be due to the assumption used in conversion from number to mass concentration by the density value (1.4 g/m 3 ), however, as the PM 0.5 mass was mainly composed of OM, that has typically the density in the range of 0.8-1.5 g/m 3 (Turpin and Lim 2001), that does not explain the smaller values calculated from the SMPS data. The most likely and plausible explanation is the measurement size range that has much smaller upper limit for the SMPS (0.5 mm) than for the ToF-ACSM (»800 nm) and MAAP (1 mm; Table S1).…”

Section: Mass Concentrations and Chemical Composition Of Particlescontrasting

confidence: 39%

“…That average value was calculated based on the particle chemical composition measured by the ToF-ACSM and MAAP. The densities used for the chemical species were 1.2 g/cm 3 for OM (Turpin and Lim 2001), 1.77 g/cm 3 for ammonium sulfate, 1.72 g/cm 3 for ammonium nitrate, and 1.8 g/cm 3 for BC (McMeeking et al 2010). APS number concentrations were converted to mass concentrations by using a density value of 2.0 g/cm 3 because it was assumed that super-micrometer particles contain more minerals.…”

Section: Online Chemical Characterization Of Sub-micrometer Particlesmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Particulate matter characteristics, dynamics, and sources in an underground mine

Saarikoski

Teinilä

Timonen

et al. 2017

Aerosol Science and Technology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Particulate matter (PM) from mining operations, engines, and ore processing may have adverse effects on health and well-being of workers and population living nearby. In this study, the characteristics of PM in an underground chrome mine were investigated in Kemi, Northern Finland. The concentrations and chemical composition of PM in size ranges from 2.5 nm to 10 mm were explored in order to identify sources, formation mechanisms, and post-emission processes of particles in the mine air. This was done by using several online instruments with high timeresolution and offline particulate sampling followed by elemental and ionic analyses. A majority of sub-micrometer particles (<1 mm in diameter, PM 1 ) originated from diesel engine emissions that were responsible for a rather stable composition of PM 1 in the mine air. Another sub-micrometer particle type originated from the combustion products of explosives (e.g., nitrate and ammonium). On average, PM 1 in the mine was composed of 62%, 30%, and 8% of organic matter, black carbon, and major inorganic species, respectively. Regarding the analyzed elements (e.g., Al, Si, Fe, Ca), many of them peaked at >1 mm indicating mineral dust origin. The average particle number concentration in the mine was (2.3 § 1.4) Ã 10 4 #/cm 3 . The maximum of particle number size distribution was between 30 and 200 nm for most of the time but there was frequently a distinct mode <30 nm. The potential origin of nano-size particles remained as challenge for future studies.

show abstract

Section: Mass Concentrations and Chemical Composition Of Particlescontrasting

confidence: 39%

Section: Online Chemical Characterization Of Sub-micrometer Particlesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Particulate matter characteristics, dynamics, and sources in an underground mine

Saarikoski

Teinilä

Timonen

et al. 2017

Aerosol Science and Technology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Organic matter was obtained from OC, using a mean molecular to carbon ratio of 1.8, considering that in Milan area air masses are usually aged due to the frequently occurrence of stability conditions (Turpin and Lim 2001). Organic matter was the major contributor to PM10 mass (Fig.…”

Section: Meteorological Conditions and Mass Concentrationmentioning

confidence: 99%

4-hours resolution data to study PM10 in a “hot spot” area in Europe

Vecchi

Bernardoni

Fermo

et al. 2008

Environ Monit Assess

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Nowadays, high-time resolved aerosol studies are mandatory to better understand atmospheric processes, such as formation, removal, transport, deposition or chemical reactions. This work focuses on PM10 physical and chemical characterisation with high-time resolution: elements (from Na to Pb), ions and OC/EC fractions concentration were determined during two weeks Further measurements aimed at hourly elemental characterisation of fine and coarse fractions and at the determination of particles number concentration in the 0.25-32 μm size range in 31 bins. The chemical mass closure was carried out in both seasons, enhancing intra-day differences in PM10 composition. In Milan, the highest contribution came from organic matter (34% and 33% in summer and winter, respectively); other important contributors were secondary inorganic compounds (16% and 24% in summer and winter, respectively) and, in summer, crustal matter (14%). Temporal trends showed strong variations in PM10 composition during contiguous time-slots and diurnal variations in different components contribution were identified. Moreover, peculiar phenomena, which would have hardly been detected with 24-hours samplings, were evidenced. Particles removal due to precipitations, aerosol local production and long range transport were studied in detail.

show abstract

“…Sulfur from XRF analyses was assumed to be in the form of ammonium sulfate and OC concentrations were multiplied by 1.4, an estimate of the average organic molecular weight per carbon weight in urban areas (Turpin and Lim, 2001), to yield particulate organic matter (OM). Soil dust concentrations were calculated as the sum of the oxides of Al, Si, Ca, Ti, Fe, and K (Brook et al, 1997;Lee et al, 2002).…”

Section: Species Mass Balancementioning

confidence: 99%

Fine organic particulate matter dominates indoor-generated PM2.5 in RIOPA homes

Polidori

Turpin

Meng

et al. 2006

J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Residential indoor and outdoor fine particle (PM 2.5 ) organic (OC) and elemental carbon (EC) concentrations (48 h) were measured at 173 homes in Houston, TX, Los Angeles County, CA, and Elizabeth, NJ as part of the Relationship of Indoor, Outdoor and Personal Air (RIOPA) study. The adsorption of organic vapors on the quartz fiber sampling filter (a positive artifact) was substantial indoors and out, accounting for 36% and 37% of measured OC at the median indoor (8.2 mg C/m 3 ) and outdoor (5.0 mg C/m 3 ) OC concentrations, respectively. Uncorrected, adsorption artifacts would lead to substantial overestimation of particulate OC both indoors and outdoors. After artifact correction, the mean particulate organic matter (OM ¼ 1.4 OC) concentration indoors (9.8 mg/m 3 ) was twice the mean outdoor concentration (4.9 mg/m 3 ). The mean EC concentration was 1.1 mg/m 3 both indoors and outdoors. OM accounted for 29%, 30% and 29% of PM 2.5 mass outdoors and 48%, 55% and 61% of indoor PM 2.5 mass in Los Angeles Co., Elizabeth and Houston study homes, respectively. Indirect evidence provided by species mass balance results suggests that PM 2.5 nitrate (not measured) was largely lost during outdoor-to-indoor transport, as reported by Lunden et al. This results in dramatic changes with outdoor-to-indoor transport in the mass and composition of ambient-generated PM 2.5 at California homes. On average, 71% to 76% of indoor OM was emitted or formed indoors, calculated by (1) Random Component Superposition (RCS) model and (2) non-linear fit of OC and air exchange rate data to the mass balance model. Assuming that all particles penetrate indoors (P ¼ 1) and there is no particle loss indoors (k ¼ 0), a lower bound estimate of 41% of indoor OM was indoor-generated (mean). OM appears to be the predominant species in indoor-generated PM 2.5 , based on species mass balance results. Particulate OM emitted or formed indoors is substantial enough to alter the concentration, composition and behavior of indoor PM 2.5 . One interesting effect of increased indoor OM concentrations is a shift in the gas-particle partitioning of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) from the gas to the particle phase with outdoor-to-indoor transport.

show abstract

Species Contributions to PM2.5 Mass Concentrations: Revisiting Common Assumptions for Estimating Organic Mass

Cited by 741 publications

References 11 publications

Particulate matter characteristics, dynamics, and sources in an underground mine

Particulate matter characteristics, dynamics, and sources in an underground mine

4-hours resolution data to study PM10 in a “hot spot” area in Europe

Fine organic particulate matter dominates indoor-generated PM2.5 in RIOPA homes

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About