Species delimitation and intraspecific diversification in recently diverged South American foxes

Pizarro, Eduardo J.; Julio-Kalajžić, Bernardita; Sallaberry-Pincheira, Nicole; Muñoz, Valentina; González-Acuña, Daniel; Cabello, Javier; Acosta-Jamett, Gerardo; Bonacic, Cristian; Iriarte, Agustín; Rodríguez, Alejandro; Travaini, Alejandro; Cevidanes, Aitor; Brito, José Luis; Millán, Javier; Marín, Juan Carlos; Vianna, Juliana A.

doi:10.1007/s13364-023-00717-y

Cited by 2 publications

(1 citation statement)

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“…Consequently, the genetic dissimilarity, as reflected by SNPs, is notably heightened in the NW, underlining the impact of the intricate mountainous terrain on shaping the genomic landscape of local populations. Consistently, high diversification in this region at the Sechura and Atacama Desert has also been suggested to other vertebrates such as Andean fox ( Pizarro et al 2024 ), micromammals ( Palma et al 2005 ), and birds ( Álvarez-Varas et al 2015 ).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 59%

History of Diversification and Adaptation from North to South Revealed by Genomic Data: Guanacos from the Desert to Sub-Antarctica

León,

Pizarro,

Noll

et al. 2024

Genome Biology and Evolution

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The increased availability of quality genomic data has greatly improved the scope and resolution of our understanding of the recent evolutionary history of wild species adapted to extreme environments and their susceptibility to anthropogenic impacts. The guanaco (Lama guanicoe), the largest wild ungulate in South America, is a good example. The guanaco is well adapted to a wide range of habitats, including the Sechura Desert, the high Andes Mountains to the north, and the extreme temperatures and conditions of Navarino Island to the south. Guanacos also have a long history of overexploitation by humans. To assess the evolutionary impact of these challenging habitats on the genomic diversity, we analyzed 38 genomes (∼10 to 16×) throughout their extensive latitudinal distribution from the Sechura and Atacama Desert to southward into Tierra del Fuego Island. These included analyses of patterns of unique differentiation in the north and geographic region further south with admixture among L. g. cacsilensis and L. g. guanicoe. Our findings provide new insights on the divergence of the subspecies ∼800,000 yr BP and document two divergent demographic trajectories and to the initial expansion of guanaco into the more southern portions of the Atacama Desert. Patagonian guanacos have experienced contemporary reductions in effective population sizes, likely the consequence of anthropogenic impacts. The lowest levels of genetic diversity corresponded to their northern and western limits of distribution and some varying degrees of genetic differentiation. Adaptive genomic diversity was strongly linked with environmental variables and was linked with colonization toward the south followed by adaptation.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 59%

History of Diversification and Adaptation from North to South Revealed by Genomic Data: Guanacos from the Desert to Sub-Antarctica

León,

Pizarro,

Noll

et al. 2024

Genome Biology and Evolution

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The rare Fuegian fox (Lycalopex culpaeus) from the Tierra del Fuego Archipelago: history of discovery, geographic distribution, and socio-ecological aspects

Jaksic,

Zurita,

Briceño

et al. 2024

Rev. Chil. de Hist. Nat.

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Background The Fuegian fox (Lycalopex culpaeus) is a rare inhabitant of the Tierra del Fuego Archipelago on account of: (a) It is the southernmost Canid in the world. (b) It is the second largest, heaviest, and tallest native Canid in South America. (c) It is currently scarce in northern Tierra del Fuego. (d) It may have been tamed by the Selk’nam natives. Methods and results Based on chronicles and scientific reports we document the timeline since discovery of the distinctive and island-confined Fuegian fox. We pay attention to its patchwork distribution within the Fuegian archipelago, with populations spread on the large Tierra del Fuego Island (Fuegia) and on two smaller ones, Hoste and Gable. This fox seems to have disappeared recently from the latter and historic records from Navarino Island are dubious. We provide new distributional records and unpublished photographs. Among the socio-ecological aspects studied, we highlight the relationships of this fox with two local indigenous people: The Yahgan and the Selk´nam. Discussion The introduction of sheep Ovis aries in 1885 and the ensuing persecution of its putative predators apparently caused the fox decline from the northern half of Fuegia. The introduction of the continental Chilla fox Lycalopex griseus in 1951 further impacted the Fuegian fox, apparently by competition for food but perhaps also by diseases. It is currently concentrated in the southern half of Tierra del Fuego Island. The possibility that the Selk’nam introduced this fox from the mainland and that they tamed it, is also discussed.

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Species delimitation and intraspecific diversification in recently diverged South American foxes

Cited by 2 publications

References 84 publications

History of Diversification and Adaptation from North to South Revealed by Genomic Data: Guanacos from the Desert to Sub-Antarctica

History of Diversification and Adaptation from North to South Revealed by Genomic Data: Guanacos from the Desert to Sub-Antarctica

The rare Fuegian fox (Lycalopex culpaeus) from the Tierra del Fuego Archipelago: history of discovery, geographic distribution, and socio-ecological aspects

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