Species delimitation and phylogenetic relationships in a genus of African weakly-electric fishes (Osteoglossiformes, Mormyridae, Campylomormyrus)

Lamanna, Francesco; Kirschbaum, Frank; Ernst, Anja; Feulner, Philine G. D.; Mamonékéné, Victor; Paul, Christiane; Tiedemann, Ralph

doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2016.04.035

Cited by 29 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 63 publications

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“…Given the phylogeny of the Campylomormyrus genus and of the African weakly electric fish in general, short snouts are considered ancestral. In fact, most Campylomormyrus species (including the basal C. tamandua) and many other mormyrid species (including Gnathonemus, the sister taxon of Campylomormyrus) display short snouts (Lamanna et al 2016). Only species of one derived lineage, i.e., C. rhynchophorus, C. numenius, and C. curvirostris, have evolved very long snouts (Feulner et al 2007;Lamanna et al 2016).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One should also take into consideration the phylogenetic framework of our study. In fact, C. compressirostris and C. rhynchophorus are closely related, while the short snouted C. tamandua stands phylogenetically apart (Lamanna et al 2016). As C. compressirostris and C. rhynchophorus are closely related and significantly differ in both snout length and substrate preference, divergent snout evolution in an ecological speciation context seems a plausible scenario for these species (Feulner et al 2008;Tiedemann et al 2010), while further adaptations may have contributed to the divergence of the more distant lineages.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…They exhibit pronounced divergence in the feeding apparatus, i.e. the length, thickness, and curvature of their snout (Feulner et al 2008;Lamanna et al 2016), as well as their electric signals (Electric Organ Discharge, EOD) (Tiedemann et al 2010). While the role of the EOD in electrocommunication [as a prezygotic isolation mechanism (Feulner et al 2009a, b;Nagel et al 2018a, b)] and electrolocation [for object location and foraging (von der Emde and Bleckmann 1998; von der Emde 1999)] is well established, the adaptive value of divergent snout morphology has remained enigmatic so far (Feulner et al 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Morphological differentiation in African weakly electric fish (genus Campylomormyrus) relates to substrate preferences

et al. 2020

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Under an ecological speciation scenario, the radiation of African weakly electric fish (genus Campylomormyrus) is caused by an adaptation to different food sources, associated with diversification of the electric organ discharge (EOD). This study experimentally investigates a phenotype-environment correlation to further support this scenario. Our behavioural experiments showed that three sympatric Campylomormyrus species with significantly divergent snout morphology differentially react to variation in substrate structure. While the short snout species (C. tamandua) exhibits preference to sandy substrate, the long snout species (C. rhynchophorus) significantly prefers a stone substrate for feeding. A third species with intermediate snout size (C. compressirostris) does not exhibit any substrate preference. This preference is matched with the observation that long-snouted specimens probe deeper into the stone substrate, presumably enabling them to reach prey more distant to the substrate surface. These findings suggest that the diverse feeding apparatus in the genus Campylomormyrus may have evolved in adaptation to specific microhabitats, i.e., substrate structures where these fish forage. Whether the parallel divergence in EOD is functionally related to this adaptation or solely serves as a prezygotic isolation mechanism remains to be elucidated. by Tonio Pieterek. Matlab scripts were inspired by Volker Hofmann.Author's contribution RA participated in the design of the study, carried out the experiments, analysed the data and drafted the manuscript; RN participated in the design of the experiment and critically revised the manuscript; MH carried out the feeding experiments of the C. tamandua individuals under the supervision of RA and RT. RT and FK conceived, participated in the design and coordinated the study. RA and RT revised the manuscript after an initial review. All authors have read and approved the manuscript for publication.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Morphological differentiation in African weakly electric fish (genus Campylomormyrus) relates to substrate preferences

et al. 2020

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“…(, ) presented genus‐level molecular phylogenies covering 20 of the 22 mormyroid genera. Additionally, species‐level molecular phylogenies have been published for several of the high‐diversity mormyroid genera, including Campylomormyrus : (Feulner et al ., ; Lamanna et al ., ; Tiedemann et al ., ), Marcusenius (Kramer et al ., ), Paramormyrops (Arnegard et al ., ; Rich et al ., ; Sullivan et al ., , ), Petrocephalus (Lavoué, , ) and Pollimyrus (Kramer et al ., ). Species‐level molecular phylogenetic reconstructions covering the entire gymnotiform order have recently become available (Janzen, ; Tagliacollo et al ., ) and species‐level molecular phylogenies including additional diversity are available for two high‐diversity genera: Brachyhypopomus (Crampton et al ., ) and Gymnotus (Brochu, ; Lovejoy et al ., ).…”

Section: Signal Evolution and Sensory Ecology In Mormyroid And Gymnotmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In both cases, the neofunctionalisation involved one of two paralogues of the scn4aa gene that originated from a whole-genome duplication event prior to the diversification of teleosts . Arnegard et al (2010b) demonstrated that the co-option is tightly coupled to the two convergent origins of electric organs and showed that during subsequent The superfamily Mormyroidea, which is restricted to tropical and subtropical Africa, comprises 229 species belonging to two families and 22 genera (Eschmeyer et al, 2018;Sullivan, 2018 (Feulner et al, 2008;Lamanna et al, 2016;Tiedemann et al, 2010),…”

Section: On the Origins Of Electric Organsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electroreception, electrogenesis and electric signal evolution

Crampton

2019

Journal of Fish Biology

112

106

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Electroreception, the capacity to detect external underwater electric fields with specialised receptors, is a phylogenetically widespread sensory modality in fishes and amphibians. In passive electroreception, a capacity possessed by c. 16% of fish species, an animal uses low‐frequency‐tuned ampullary electroreceptors to detect microvolt‐range bioelectric fields from prey, without the need to generate its own electric field. In active electroreception (electrolocation), which occurs only in the teleost lineages Mormyroidea and Gymnotiformes, an animal senses its surroundings by generating a weak (< 1 V) electric‐organ discharge (EOD) and detecting distortions in the EOD‐associated field using high‐frequency‐tuned tuberous electroreceptors. Tuberous electroreceptors also detect the EODs of neighbouring fishes, facilitating electrocommunication. Several other groups of elasmobranchs and teleosts generate weak (< 10 V) or strong (> 50 V) EODs that facilitate communication or predation, but not electrolocation. Approximately 1.5% of fish species possess electric organs. This review has two aims. First, to synthesise our knowledge of the functional biology and phylogenetic distribution of electroreception and electrogenesis in fishes, with a focus on freshwater taxa and with emphasis on the proximate (morphological, physiological and genetic) bases of EOD and electroreceptor diversity. Second, to describe the diversity, biogeography, ecology and electric signal diversity of the mormyroids and gymnotiforms and to explore the ultimate (evolutionary) bases of signal and receptor diversity in their convergent electrogenic–electrosensory systems. Four sets of potential drivers or moderators of signal diversity are discussed. First, selective forces of an abiotic (environmental) nature for optimal electrolocation and communication performance of the EOD. Second, selective forces of a biotic nature targeting the communication function of the EOD, including sexual selection, reproductive interference from syntopic heterospecifics and selection from eavesdropping predators. Third, non‐adaptive drift and, finally, phylogenetic inertia, which may arise from stabilising selection for optimal signal‐receptor matching.

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Ontogeny of the electric organ discharge and of the papillae of the electrocytes in the weakly electric fish Campylomormyrus rhynchophorus (Teleostei: Mormyridae)

Korniienko

Tiedemann

Vater

et al. 2020

J of Comparative Neurology

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The electric organ of the mormyrid weakly electric fish, Campylomormyrus rhynchophorus (Boulenger, 1898), undergoes changes in both the electric organ discharge (EOD) and the light and electron microscopic morphology as the fish mature from the juvenile to the adult form. Of particular interest was the appearance of papillae, surface specializations of the uninnervated anterior face of the electrocyte, which have been hypothesized to increase the duration of the EOD. In a 24.5 mm long juvenile the adult electric organ (EO) was not yet functional, and the electrocytes lacked papillae. A 40 mm long juvenile, which produced a short biphasic EOD of 1.3 ms duration, shows small papillae (average area 136 μm2). In contrast, the EOD of a 79 mm long juvenile was triphasic. The large increase in duration of the EOD to 23.2 ms was accompanied by a small change in size of the papillae (average area 159 μm2). Similarly, a 150 mm long adult produced a triphasic EOD of comparable duration to the younger stage (24.7 ms) but featured a prominent increase in size of the papillae (average area 402 μm2). Thus, there was no linear correlation between EOD duration and papillary size. The most prominent ultrastructural change was at the level of the myofilaments, which regularly extended into the papillae, only in the oldest specimen—probably serving a supporting function. Physiological mechanisms, like gene expression levels, as demonstrated in some Campylomormyrus species, might be more important concerning the duration of the EOD.

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Species delimitation and phylogenetic relationships in a genus of African weakly-electric fishes (Osteoglossiformes, Mormyridae, Campylomormyrus)

Cited by 29 publications

References 63 publications

Morphological differentiation in African weakly electric fish (genus Campylomormyrus) relates to substrate preferences

Morphological differentiation in African weakly electric fish (genus Campylomormyrus) relates to substrate preferences

Electroreception, electrogenesis and electric signal evolution

Ontogeny of the electric organ discharge and of the papillae of the electrocytes in the weakly electric fish Campylomormyrus rhynchophorus (Teleostei: Mormyridae)

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