Species dependent aqueous biphasic extraction of some heavy metals

Liquid–Liquid Equilibrium of Aqueous Two-Phase Systems Composed of Nonionic Surfactant (Triton X-100, Triton X-165, or Triton X-305) and Choline Chloride

“…An increase of the temperature led to an increase of the region of immiscibility, indicating that the phase separation process was endothermic and occurred with the absorption of energy, indicating that the formation of the ATPS was entropically driven. This behavior was in agreement with the findings of several previous studies. ,, This behavior, which was also observed for the systems formed by TX-165 and TX-305 (Figures S3 and S4, Supporting Information), is commonly observed for ATPSs formed by Triton X surfactant and electrolytes, including ionic liquids based on the choline cation. Interestingly, the temperature-promoted increase of the biphasic region in the systems formed by TX-100 was followed by the appearance of a minimum in the binodal curve, as discussed previously.…”

“…Since they have both hydrophilic and hydrophobic characteristics, the use of surfactants in ATPSs enables modulation of the characteristics of the phases, making these systems more versatile in processes of separation/extraction of strategic analytes. In order to promote the phase segregation, surfactants have been used together with polymers , or organic and inorganic − salts. These systems offer lower interfacial tension, lower costs, absence of toxicity or flammability (in most cases), and short phase segregation times. , Notably, the nonionic surfactants known as Triton X, especially Triton X-100, Triton X-102, and Triton X-114, have been extensively used to obtain ATPSs. ,,− …”

A green method for extracting molybdenum (VI) from aqueous solution with aqueous two-phase system without any extractant

“…The APTS have been widely used in extracting and separating bioactive substance [10][11][12], organic small molecule [13][14][15] and metal cations [16][17][18][19]. However, only a few outcomes have been reported in the extraction and separation of metal anion by ATPS.…”

l-Proline Based Aqueous Biphasic System: Design and Application To Isolate the Alkaline Earths

“…8−10 Several ABSs have been designed which are mostly based on polymer/polymer, polymer/salt, ionic liquid/salt, and surfactant/salt systems. 11,12 An ionic liquid/amino acid system was also designed; however, none of its applications were proposed. 13 The mutual coexistence curve or the phase diagram of aqueous biphasic systems are of immense assistance to define the potential working range of the ABS.…”

“…These systems comprise water mass fractions of (80 to 90) % in equilibrium phases, each phase containing mainly one of the components and a small amount of the other. ABSs have been widely used in the separation, concentration, and fractionation of biological solutes and particles such as cells and proteins. , ABSs have also been studied for applications including the selective distribution and separation of metal ions, small organic molecules, , nano- and microsolid particulates , and as green reaction media. − Several ABSs have been designed which are mostly based on polymer/polymer, polymer/salt, ionic liquid/salt, and surfactant/salt systems. , An ionic liquid/amino acid system was also designed; however, none of its applications were proposed …”