Species diversity and molecular analysis of opportunistic Mycobacterium, Nocardia and Rhodococcus isolated from the hospital environment in a developing country, a potential resources for nosocomial infection

Abstract

Background Hospital environmental resources have a significant role in cross-transmission of opportunistic pathogens such as actinomycetes species to the patients. Actinomycetes have a remarkable capability to survive in adverse and harsh conditions of hospital environments; therefore, they are a threat to the health of patients. Due to this issue, we aimed to determine the frequency and diversity of actinomycetes species in hospital soil, water and dust by using a combination of conventional and molecular methods including the phenotypic and biochemical tests for preliminary identification and the PCR amplification of the specific region of the 16S rRNA, hsp65 gene and sequence analyses of 16S rRNA for the genus and species identification. Results A total of 50 (35.2%) actinomycetes isolates from 7 genera were isolated from 142 hospital environmental samples. The three most prevalent species were M. setense 10%, R. erythropolis and M. fortuitum 8% followed by N.cyriacigeorgica and M. gordonae 6%, M. chelonae, M. abscessus, M. lentiflavum, M. mucogenicum, N. asteroides, N. farcinica, R. equi and L. shinushuensis 4% and the single isolates of M. conceptionense, M. septicum, N. rhamnosophilia, N. bravicatena, M. flavescens, M. arupense, M. doricum, M. frederiksbergense, S. heliomycini, S. albus, S. albogriseolus, R. facians, D. maris, G. terae and A. globiformis. Conclusions In conclusion we showed that the hospital environment is a potential reservoir for a broad range of actinomycetes species, due to the remarkable survival capability of these microorganisms in adverse hospital environment, carrying a threat to the health of patients.

Sulfa drugs–based Norbornenyl imides and reductive Heck reactions: Synthesis and antimicrobial screening

“…Nosocomial infections like pneumonia, urinary tract infections, brain abscesses, catheter‐related bloodstream infections, and bacteremia in hospitals are caused by microorganisms like E. coli , S. aureus , C. albicans , N. abcessus , and N. cyriacigeorgica . [ 17,18 ] Nosocomial infections have had economic and clinical impacts on the healthcare system. [ 30 ] Hence, discovering novel antimicrobial drugs has become popular among researchers.…”

“…Infections, especially nosocomial ones, continue to cause significant problems in hospitals worldwide. [ 17,18 ] Cases caused by pathogenic microorganisms are regularly reported by medical doctors and researchers. For example, Chmielarczyk et al reported that M. luteus , S. aureus , E. facealis , Salmonella spp, E. coli , and C. albicans were isolated from bloodstream infections more than ten times between 2016 and 2019 in their 4‐year laboratory‐based study in the south of Poland.…”

“…can cause infection in humans as well as a large group of animals. [ 18 ] Like N. asteroides and N. cyriacigeorgica , most Nocardia species are opportunistic pathogens, especially for humans. We know that N. abcessus and N. cyriacigeorgica can cause brain abscesses in humans.…”

Dual Infection of an Open Fracture Caused by Mycobacterium setense and Clostridium celerecrescens

“…In human patients M. setense was rarely isolated in different countries, e.g., in Asia [ 12 , 13 ] and France [ 5 , 14 ]. In the environment, this NTM species was found in Iran in various samples from hospitals, e.g., a water system [ 15 , 16 ], soil and dust [ 17 ] and the environment [ 18 ].…”

Etiological factors in triggering non-specific allergic reactions to tuberculin in cattle

“…The proportion of patients without immunodeficiency accounts for no more than 10-15% of cases (Kamboj et al, 2005;Yamshchikov et al, 2010). The ubiquitous distribution of representatives of the genus Actinomyces poses a serious threat to the treatment of the diseases they cause (Siavashifar et al, 2021).…”